MICROM 445 Exam 1 Questions with
complete solution
Anthropauses - correct answer ✔Viruses that exhibit either direct or indirect
transmission from human to human (humans are the only host)
Zoonoses - correct answer ✔Viruses that exhibit either direct or indirect
transmission from animal to animal or animal to human
Horizontal transmission - correct answer ✔When transmission of virus is
through things like saliva, mucus, blood or fecal matter
Vertical transmission - correct answer ✔When transmission is from mother to
fetus/baby through placenta, birth canal, or breastmilk
Rinderpest (cattle plaque) - correct answer ✔second virus to be eradicated
Protein coat - correct answer ✔nucleic acid is enclosed in this
Live animals - correct answer ✔The original method for culturing viruses
Primary cell culture - correct answer ✔Culture of cells from the original
tissue, with a short shelf life
pfu (plaque-forming units) - correct answer ✔measure for quantifying
plaques in culture caused by a virus
,30-50 million - correct answer ✔mortality from influenza
35 million - correct answer ✔mortality from HIV in US
300 million - correct answer ✔number of people killed since 1900 by polio
virus
500,000 - correct answer ✔number of kids under the age of four killed per
year by rotavirus
fomites - correct answer ✔inanimate objects that can spread viruses by
touch
vectors - correct answer ✔living organisms that can transmit infectious
disease between humans or from animals to humans
R0 - correct answer ✔The number of people each infected person will infect
in a completely susceptible population
Transmissibility, Rate of contact between susceptible and infected, duration of
infectiousness - correct answer ✔factors contributing to R0
>1 - correct answer ✔R0 that indicates a virus will spread throughout a
population
<1 - correct answer ✔R0 that indicates a virus will die out
, Enveloped virus - correct answer ✔Overarching category of viruses that are
more fragile, don't live very long outside of host cell, and inactivated by pH,
heat, drying, and detergents
single layer epithelium with no dead layer, viruses live longer in damp
environments - correct answer ✔Why are mucous membranes a preferred
method of entry?
mouth, eyes, urogenital, anus - correct answer ✔What are the mucous
membrane portals for viral entry?
skin - correct answer ✔What are the non-mucous portals for viral entry?
tropism - correct answer ✔the capacity of a virus to infect specific cells,
tissues, or species
Cell to cell or limited diffusion - correct answer ✔How does localized spread
occur?
viremia - correct answer ✔a virus in the blood
crosses the blood-brain barrier - correct answer ✔How does a virus infect
the brain?
Intestinal epithelial cells - correct answer ✔Where does poliovirus initially
infect?
Lymph nodes and multipies - correct answer ✔Where does poliovirus spread
after initial infection?
complete solution
Anthropauses - correct answer ✔Viruses that exhibit either direct or indirect
transmission from human to human (humans are the only host)
Zoonoses - correct answer ✔Viruses that exhibit either direct or indirect
transmission from animal to animal or animal to human
Horizontal transmission - correct answer ✔When transmission of virus is
through things like saliva, mucus, blood or fecal matter
Vertical transmission - correct answer ✔When transmission is from mother to
fetus/baby through placenta, birth canal, or breastmilk
Rinderpest (cattle plaque) - correct answer ✔second virus to be eradicated
Protein coat - correct answer ✔nucleic acid is enclosed in this
Live animals - correct answer ✔The original method for culturing viruses
Primary cell culture - correct answer ✔Culture of cells from the original
tissue, with a short shelf life
pfu (plaque-forming units) - correct answer ✔measure for quantifying
plaques in culture caused by a virus
,30-50 million - correct answer ✔mortality from influenza
35 million - correct answer ✔mortality from HIV in US
300 million - correct answer ✔number of people killed since 1900 by polio
virus
500,000 - correct answer ✔number of kids under the age of four killed per
year by rotavirus
fomites - correct answer ✔inanimate objects that can spread viruses by
touch
vectors - correct answer ✔living organisms that can transmit infectious
disease between humans or from animals to humans
R0 - correct answer ✔The number of people each infected person will infect
in a completely susceptible population
Transmissibility, Rate of contact between susceptible and infected, duration of
infectiousness - correct answer ✔factors contributing to R0
>1 - correct answer ✔R0 that indicates a virus will spread throughout a
population
<1 - correct answer ✔R0 that indicates a virus will die out
, Enveloped virus - correct answer ✔Overarching category of viruses that are
more fragile, don't live very long outside of host cell, and inactivated by pH,
heat, drying, and detergents
single layer epithelium with no dead layer, viruses live longer in damp
environments - correct answer ✔Why are mucous membranes a preferred
method of entry?
mouth, eyes, urogenital, anus - correct answer ✔What are the mucous
membrane portals for viral entry?
skin - correct answer ✔What are the non-mucous portals for viral entry?
tropism - correct answer ✔the capacity of a virus to infect specific cells,
tissues, or species
Cell to cell or limited diffusion - correct answer ✔How does localized spread
occur?
viremia - correct answer ✔a virus in the blood
crosses the blood-brain barrier - correct answer ✔How does a virus infect
the brain?
Intestinal epithelial cells - correct answer ✔Where does poliovirus initially
infect?
Lymph nodes and multipies - correct answer ✔Where does poliovirus spread
after initial infection?
