D236 Patho study guide
Acidosis - pH below 7.35
increased proton production
Alkalosis - pH above 7.45
decreased proton production
Metabolic Alkalosis tx - Increased pH, Increased Bicarb HCO3, excessive vomiting
Tx: give antiemetic (anti nausea/vomiting meds)
What does lots of H+ mean - low pH
Normal ABG values - pH: 7.35-7.45
PCO2: 35-45
PO2: 90-100
HcO3: 22-26
SaO2: 95-100
Increased Co2 causes what? - The body to become more acidic
,Changes is acidosis and alkalosis are marked by what? - changes in PO2
Higher CO2 - Acidosis
Lower CO2 - Alkalosis
ROME - Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
What is the first line of defense for ABG changes? - Respirations
What is the second line of defense for ABG changes? - Kidneys
Rules to follow for respiratory or metabolic? - If pH and PCO2 are in opposite directions then it is the
PCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If PCO2 is normal or moving in the same direction as pH is it metabolic in nature
Cerebral Concussion - headache
lethargy or mental dullness
S/S can last for several months
Sprain - over stretching of a ligament
it can be caused by a force that displaces a joint from its alignment
Strain - Overs stretching of tendons and muscles
, often in the lower back and hamstring
Pain, weakness, limited ROM
Rilizole - class of benzothiazote meds used to treat Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS
S/S of dehydration - headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breath, dry mouth, dark urine,
Albumin - controls osmotic pressure in vascular system
*builds volume*
VB12 defiiciency causes? - Conditions of the gastric system: Chrons, Celiac
Certain meds: like heartburn meds, esemeprazole, pantoprazole, famotidine, cemetidine, **metformin
**Think gastric issues can cause this**
What is treatment for bone cancer, prostate cancer? - Cryoablation
TIA - will resolve itself within or desolve the clot within 24 hours
Ischemic Stroke - Most common
afib or arteriosclerosis (can cause thrombus or embolus)
Blocks bloodflow use of oral BC, sickle cell, carotid plaque build up (arteriosclerosis)
Hemorraghic stroke - less common
mainly caused by HTN
Acidosis - pH below 7.35
increased proton production
Alkalosis - pH above 7.45
decreased proton production
Metabolic Alkalosis tx - Increased pH, Increased Bicarb HCO3, excessive vomiting
Tx: give antiemetic (anti nausea/vomiting meds)
What does lots of H+ mean - low pH
Normal ABG values - pH: 7.35-7.45
PCO2: 35-45
PO2: 90-100
HcO3: 22-26
SaO2: 95-100
Increased Co2 causes what? - The body to become more acidic
,Changes is acidosis and alkalosis are marked by what? - changes in PO2
Higher CO2 - Acidosis
Lower CO2 - Alkalosis
ROME - Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
What is the first line of defense for ABG changes? - Respirations
What is the second line of defense for ABG changes? - Kidneys
Rules to follow for respiratory or metabolic? - If pH and PCO2 are in opposite directions then it is the
PCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If PCO2 is normal or moving in the same direction as pH is it metabolic in nature
Cerebral Concussion - headache
lethargy or mental dullness
S/S can last for several months
Sprain - over stretching of a ligament
it can be caused by a force that displaces a joint from its alignment
Strain - Overs stretching of tendons and muscles
, often in the lower back and hamstring
Pain, weakness, limited ROM
Rilizole - class of benzothiazote meds used to treat Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS
S/S of dehydration - headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breath, dry mouth, dark urine,
Albumin - controls osmotic pressure in vascular system
*builds volume*
VB12 defiiciency causes? - Conditions of the gastric system: Chrons, Celiac
Certain meds: like heartburn meds, esemeprazole, pantoprazole, famotidine, cemetidine, **metformin
**Think gastric issues can cause this**
What is treatment for bone cancer, prostate cancer? - Cryoablation
TIA - will resolve itself within or desolve the clot within 24 hours
Ischemic Stroke - Most common
afib or arteriosclerosis (can cause thrombus or embolus)
Blocks bloodflow use of oral BC, sickle cell, carotid plaque build up (arteriosclerosis)
Hemorraghic stroke - less common
mainly caused by HTN
