BIOL 213
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the
mitochondria in cells?
- A. Protein synthesis
- B. Energy production
- C. DNA replication
- D. Waste removal
- ANS: B
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of
the cell because they produce ATP, the cell's main energy source.
2. What is the main component of the cell membrane?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Proteins
- C. Phospholipids
- D. Nucleic acids
- ANS: C
- Rationale: The cell membrane is primarily composed of a
phospholipid bilayer, which provides structure and regulates the
movement of substances in and out of the cell.
3. Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood calcium
levels?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Parathyroid hormone
- D. Thyroxine
- ANS: C
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates blood
calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and releasing calcium from bones.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which cells divide to produce two identical
daughter cells is called __________.
- ANS: Mitosis
- Rationale: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results
in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent
cell.
5. The __________ system is responsible for transporting
oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
- ANS: Circulatory
- Rationale: The circulatory system, consisting of the heart,
blood, and blood vessels, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste
products throughout the body.
6. __________ are the basic structural and functional units of the
nervous system.
- ANS: Neurons
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Neurons are the basic structural and functional
units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting nerve
impulses.
True/False Questions
7. The liver is the largest organ in the human body.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: The skin is the largest organ in the human body,
while the liver is the largest internal organ.
8. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the arms and legs.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: The axial skeleton includes the bones of the
skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, while the appendicular
skeleton includes the bones of the arms and legs.
9. The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds
to oxygen and transports it from the lungs to the tissues.
Multiple Response Questions
©2024/2025
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the
mitochondria in cells?
- A. Protein synthesis
- B. Energy production
- C. DNA replication
- D. Waste removal
- ANS: B
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of
the cell because they produce ATP, the cell's main energy source.
2. What is the main component of the cell membrane?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Proteins
- C. Phospholipids
- D. Nucleic acids
- ANS: C
- Rationale: The cell membrane is primarily composed of a
phospholipid bilayer, which provides structure and regulates the
movement of substances in and out of the cell.
3. Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood calcium
levels?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Parathyroid hormone
- D. Thyroxine
- ANS: C
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates blood
calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and releasing calcium from bones.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which cells divide to produce two identical
daughter cells is called __________.
- ANS: Mitosis
- Rationale: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results
in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent
cell.
5. The __________ system is responsible for transporting
oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
- ANS: Circulatory
- Rationale: The circulatory system, consisting of the heart,
blood, and blood vessels, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste
products throughout the body.
6. __________ are the basic structural and functional units of the
nervous system.
- ANS: Neurons
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Neurons are the basic structural and functional
units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting nerve
impulses.
True/False Questions
7. The liver is the largest organ in the human body.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: The skin is the largest organ in the human body,
while the liver is the largest internal organ.
8. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the arms and legs.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: The axial skeleton includes the bones of the
skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, while the appendicular
skeleton includes the bones of the arms and legs.
9. The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds
to oxygen and transports it from the lungs to the tissues.
Multiple Response Questions
©2024/2025
