WGU D322 Introduction to IT- Exam Solutions Manual Fully Solved Latest Update (2025-2026)
Information Technology - Answers The technology used in creating, maintaining, and making
information accessible.
IT Professional Roles - Answers Administration and Support
System Administrator - Answers Maintains all aspects of the system including hardware, software, and
programming.
Network Administrator - Answers In charge of all aspects of the computer network
Database Administrator - Answers Focuses on the design, development, and support of database
management systems (DBMSs).
Security Administrator - Answers Installs, configures, and administers firewall security to protect
systems and proactively work to stop intrusions.
Web Administrator - Answers Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web severs.
Support IT Professionals - Answers Help desk and training.
Information - Answers Processed data.
DIKW Hierarchy - Answers Defines the transition of data to information from knowledge to wisdom.
(Data Information Knowledge Wisdom)
Data in DIKW - Answers The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable
until it has been converted into a relevant form.
Information in DIKW - Answers Having been inferred from data; one or more processes have been
applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.
Knowledge in DIKW - Answers Information that has been put to use; information placed into a context.
Refined information such that the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of
information when needed.
Wisdom in DIKW - Answers Provides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can
only come by having both knowledge and experience.
Information Systems - Answers A collection of data and information used to support the management of
an organization. Also refers to the technical components and human resources that enable the
assembly, storage, and processing of data and the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot
longer than computers.
Characteristics of Quality Data - Answers Relevance - the data being used must apply directly to the
decision being made
,Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close to the
point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections points
and over time
IPOS - Answers The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
Input - Answers Raw data is entered by the user.
Processing - Answers Raw data is organized or structured for usefulness.
Output - Answers Information is output so user can see results.
Storage - Answers Processed information is stored for permanent record.
Computer System - Answers A collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the
user; typically categorized as either hardware, software, networks, or users.
Hardware - Answers Physical components of a computer system which include the system unit and its
components and peripheral devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
Software - Answers Computer programs that tell the computer what to do--how to execute commands
and process information
Network - Answers A collection of computers and resources connected by various media so that they
can communicate with each other.
User - Answers Those who use a computer.
Software Categories - Answers Systems Software and Applications Software
Evolution of Users - Answers First users were the engineers who built and programmed computers, then
employees who had received specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone can
be a user.
Protocol - Answers Rules provided by which networks communicate with each other.
, TCP/IP - Answers Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Most commonly used protocol; is
required of all computers that communicate over the Internet.
Protocol Stack - Answers A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an example.
Components of a Computer - Answers CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices
CPU - Answers Executes programs' instructions and commands various components in the computer.
Referred to as the "chip".
Memory - Answers Stores the programs being executed and the data they are using.
I/O Subsystem - Answers All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used.
Bus - Answers Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable
communication among the electronic components
System Unit - Answers Critical component of all computer based systems; consists of most of the
hardware the computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Internal Components of the System Unit - Answers Case, Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive,
Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion
Slots/Cards
Parts of the CPU - Answers Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input
and coordinates or controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical
calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard text
entry to output displayed on the screen
System Clock - Answers Controls the speed at which instructions are processed.
RAM - Answers Stands for Random Access Memory.
It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer.
It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or loses
power).
Information Technology - Answers The technology used in creating, maintaining, and making
information accessible.
IT Professional Roles - Answers Administration and Support
System Administrator - Answers Maintains all aspects of the system including hardware, software, and
programming.
Network Administrator - Answers In charge of all aspects of the computer network
Database Administrator - Answers Focuses on the design, development, and support of database
management systems (DBMSs).
Security Administrator - Answers Installs, configures, and administers firewall security to protect
systems and proactively work to stop intrusions.
Web Administrator - Answers Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web severs.
Support IT Professionals - Answers Help desk and training.
Information - Answers Processed data.
DIKW Hierarchy - Answers Defines the transition of data to information from knowledge to wisdom.
(Data Information Knowledge Wisdom)
Data in DIKW - Answers The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable
until it has been converted into a relevant form.
Information in DIKW - Answers Having been inferred from data; one or more processes have been
applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.
Knowledge in DIKW - Answers Information that has been put to use; information placed into a context.
Refined information such that the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of
information when needed.
Wisdom in DIKW - Answers Provides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can
only come by having both knowledge and experience.
Information Systems - Answers A collection of data and information used to support the management of
an organization. Also refers to the technical components and human resources that enable the
assembly, storage, and processing of data and the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot
longer than computers.
Characteristics of Quality Data - Answers Relevance - the data being used must apply directly to the
decision being made
,Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close to the
point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections points
and over time
IPOS - Answers The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
Input - Answers Raw data is entered by the user.
Processing - Answers Raw data is organized or structured for usefulness.
Output - Answers Information is output so user can see results.
Storage - Answers Processed information is stored for permanent record.
Computer System - Answers A collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the
user; typically categorized as either hardware, software, networks, or users.
Hardware - Answers Physical components of a computer system which include the system unit and its
components and peripheral devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
Software - Answers Computer programs that tell the computer what to do--how to execute commands
and process information
Network - Answers A collection of computers and resources connected by various media so that they
can communicate with each other.
User - Answers Those who use a computer.
Software Categories - Answers Systems Software and Applications Software
Evolution of Users - Answers First users were the engineers who built and programmed computers, then
employees who had received specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone can
be a user.
Protocol - Answers Rules provided by which networks communicate with each other.
, TCP/IP - Answers Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Most commonly used protocol; is
required of all computers that communicate over the Internet.
Protocol Stack - Answers A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an example.
Components of a Computer - Answers CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices
CPU - Answers Executes programs' instructions and commands various components in the computer.
Referred to as the "chip".
Memory - Answers Stores the programs being executed and the data they are using.
I/O Subsystem - Answers All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used.
Bus - Answers Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable
communication among the electronic components
System Unit - Answers Critical component of all computer based systems; consists of most of the
hardware the computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Internal Components of the System Unit - Answers Case, Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive,
Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion
Slots/Cards
Parts of the CPU - Answers Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input
and coordinates or controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical
calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard text
entry to output displayed on the screen
System Clock - Answers Controls the speed at which instructions are processed.
RAM - Answers Stands for Random Access Memory.
It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer.
It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or loses
power).
