PLTW - MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS
| GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
Fluoroquinolones - Correct Answer-An antibiotic that inhibits the DNA
gyrase of gram negative bacteria
Sulfa Antibiotics - Correct Answer-An antibiotic that inhibits folic acid
synthesis and growth of gram positive and negative bacteria
Folic Acid - Correct Answer-Vitamin that helps the organism produce and
maintain healthy cells
Efflux - Correct Answer-Transport of a solute molecule from the inside to
the outside of a cell
Destruction/Inactivation - Correct Answer-Exchange enzymes that
chemically degrade the antibiotic (How some bacteria develop resistance to
antibiotics)
Mutation - Correct Answer-A change in a gene or chromosome.
1|Page
,Explain the difference between limited spectrum and broad spectrum
antibiotics. - Correct Answer-Limited spectrum: only kills the cells that are
infected.
Broad spectrum: kills all cells, even healthy cells.
What methods do bacteria use to share antibiotic resistant genes? Explain
the difference between conjugation, transformation, and transduction. -
Correct Answer-Conjugation - The one-way transfer of DNA between
bacteria in cellular contact.
Transformation -The genetic modification of a bacterium by incorporation of
free-floating DNA from another ruptured bacterial cell.
Transduction - The transfer of genetic material from one organism (such as
bacteria) to another by a genetic vector.
What is the difference between the chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA
when thinking about antibiotic resistance? - Correct Answer-Bacteria
possess a single chromosome composed of double‐stranded DNA in a
loop. The genetic information of the plasmid is usually not essential to
survival of the host bacteria. Plasmids can be removed from the host cell
and the bacteria can still survive.
2|Page
, What is the best antibiotic to use when treating a Gram-positive bacterial
disease? - Correct Answer-Flouroquinolones or Tetracyclines
How would you determine which strain of Streptococcus aureus had a
plasmid for resistance to streptomycin? - Correct Answer-Performing a Disc
Diffusion test
What actions are humans taking that are contributing to bacteria becoming
resistance to commonly used antibiotics? - Correct Answer-1. Preserving
the potency of antibiotics
2. Taking the full dosage of antibiotics without missing one
What are the health impacts if you do not take your complete course of
antibiotics that have been prescribed for your illness? - Correct Answer-The
disease will come back, and for an even longer period of time
Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral diseases? - Correct Answer-
Antibiotics are designed for bacteria, not viruses
How do frequency and amplitude affect how humans interpret sound? -
Correct Answer-F - pitch/tone
A - loudness/volume
3|Page
STUDY GUIDE 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS
| GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
Fluoroquinolones - Correct Answer-An antibiotic that inhibits the DNA
gyrase of gram negative bacteria
Sulfa Antibiotics - Correct Answer-An antibiotic that inhibits folic acid
synthesis and growth of gram positive and negative bacteria
Folic Acid - Correct Answer-Vitamin that helps the organism produce and
maintain healthy cells
Efflux - Correct Answer-Transport of a solute molecule from the inside to
the outside of a cell
Destruction/Inactivation - Correct Answer-Exchange enzymes that
chemically degrade the antibiotic (How some bacteria develop resistance to
antibiotics)
Mutation - Correct Answer-A change in a gene or chromosome.
1|Page
,Explain the difference between limited spectrum and broad spectrum
antibiotics. - Correct Answer-Limited spectrum: only kills the cells that are
infected.
Broad spectrum: kills all cells, even healthy cells.
What methods do bacteria use to share antibiotic resistant genes? Explain
the difference between conjugation, transformation, and transduction. -
Correct Answer-Conjugation - The one-way transfer of DNA between
bacteria in cellular contact.
Transformation -The genetic modification of a bacterium by incorporation of
free-floating DNA from another ruptured bacterial cell.
Transduction - The transfer of genetic material from one organism (such as
bacteria) to another by a genetic vector.
What is the difference between the chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA
when thinking about antibiotic resistance? - Correct Answer-Bacteria
possess a single chromosome composed of double‐stranded DNA in a
loop. The genetic information of the plasmid is usually not essential to
survival of the host bacteria. Plasmids can be removed from the host cell
and the bacteria can still survive.
2|Page
, What is the best antibiotic to use when treating a Gram-positive bacterial
disease? - Correct Answer-Flouroquinolones or Tetracyclines
How would you determine which strain of Streptococcus aureus had a
plasmid for resistance to streptomycin? - Correct Answer-Performing a Disc
Diffusion test
What actions are humans taking that are contributing to bacteria becoming
resistance to commonly used antibiotics? - Correct Answer-1. Preserving
the potency of antibiotics
2. Taking the full dosage of antibiotics without missing one
What are the health impacts if you do not take your complete course of
antibiotics that have been prescribed for your illness? - Correct Answer-The
disease will come back, and for an even longer period of time
Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral diseases? - Correct Answer-
Antibiotics are designed for bacteria, not viruses
How do frequency and amplitude affect how humans interpret sound? -
Correct Answer-F - pitch/tone
A - loudness/volume
3|Page
