MSK 1 MIDTERM 2025 EXAM
Brachial plexus facts - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Composed of the ventral rami
of C5-T1
-Roots start between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
-Injury can occur from fractures and/or dislocations proximal humerus
-Cords of the brachial plexus just near or proximal to the coracoid process
-Axillary artery is in the middle of the medial cord nd lateral cord
Important nerves for shoulder - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Long thoracic nerve
(C5-C7)
-Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
-Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
-Upper and lower subscapular (C5-C8)
What type of pain should be considered cardiac pain? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Exertional left shoulder pain in individuals over 45 with coronary
risk factors should be considered as cardiac pain until proven otherwise
Anatomical neck fractures of the humerus are... - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>intra-
articular
Surgical neck fractures of the humerus are... - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>extra-
articular
Superior glenohumeral ligament - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Provide restraint to
anterior translation at 0 degrees ABD
Middle glenohumeral joint - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>provide restraint to ant.
translation at 45 degrees ABD
inferior glenohumeral ligament - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>provide restraint to
anterior translation at 90 degrees ABD (ant. band)
provide restraint to posterior translation at 90 degrees ABD (post. band)
What plays a role in passive stability of the GHJ? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
Bony fit
-Capsule: 360 degrees circumferentially
-Labrum (deepens socket, proprioceptive stability, mechanical stability)
, -Ligaments
What plays a role in active stability of the GHJ? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
Deltoid, trees major, triceps
-RC muscles
-Scaplothoracicmuscles
-Muscles prone to shortening
-Muscle prone to weakness/lengthening/poor motor control
-Neuromuscular control
What is the difference between laxity and instability? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>instability become symptomatic (pain, weakness, loss of function)
and needs to be treated. Laxity does not need to be treated
What is the importance of your SITS (RC) muscles? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>-stabilize humeral head and can compensate for ligamentous
and/or capsular injury (centers humeral head, increase dynamic stability)
-without functioning cuff superior migration will occur from the unopposed deltoid
-When RC becomes fatigue, can't stabilize humeral head with axillary nerve
wrapped around it, start to develop pain
What is the arthrokinematics of ER in patients with frozen shoulder? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Further increase in shoulder ER with a POSTERIOR glide
What is obligate motion? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>in a ball and socket joint,
post. capsule is hypomobile and humeral head is going to start to glide anterior and
superiorly, therefore why are you continuing to push it in that direction
-pushing posterior capsule gives input to NS and wakes up RC--> get humeral head
more central--> muscles in a better length tension relationship
What are the structures in the subacromial space? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
supraspinatus
-subacromial/subdeltoid bursa
-LH of biceps
What is the difference between RC tear and bursitis? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>-RC tear (contractile tissue), AROM is limited, but no reason
PROM should be limited. There should be weakness
-Bursitis (non contractile tissue), AROM and PROM both limited
Brachial plexus facts - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Composed of the ventral rami
of C5-T1
-Roots start between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
-Injury can occur from fractures and/or dislocations proximal humerus
-Cords of the brachial plexus just near or proximal to the coracoid process
-Axillary artery is in the middle of the medial cord nd lateral cord
Important nerves for shoulder - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Long thoracic nerve
(C5-C7)
-Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
-Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
-Upper and lower subscapular (C5-C8)
What type of pain should be considered cardiac pain? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Exertional left shoulder pain in individuals over 45 with coronary
risk factors should be considered as cardiac pain until proven otherwise
Anatomical neck fractures of the humerus are... - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>intra-
articular
Surgical neck fractures of the humerus are... - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>extra-
articular
Superior glenohumeral ligament - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Provide restraint to
anterior translation at 0 degrees ABD
Middle glenohumeral joint - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>provide restraint to ant.
translation at 45 degrees ABD
inferior glenohumeral ligament - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>provide restraint to
anterior translation at 90 degrees ABD (ant. band)
provide restraint to posterior translation at 90 degrees ABD (post. band)
What plays a role in passive stability of the GHJ? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
Bony fit
-Capsule: 360 degrees circumferentially
-Labrum (deepens socket, proprioceptive stability, mechanical stability)
, -Ligaments
What plays a role in active stability of the GHJ? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
Deltoid, trees major, triceps
-RC muscles
-Scaplothoracicmuscles
-Muscles prone to shortening
-Muscle prone to weakness/lengthening/poor motor control
-Neuromuscular control
What is the difference between laxity and instability? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>instability become symptomatic (pain, weakness, loss of function)
and needs to be treated. Laxity does not need to be treated
What is the importance of your SITS (RC) muscles? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>-stabilize humeral head and can compensate for ligamentous
and/or capsular injury (centers humeral head, increase dynamic stability)
-without functioning cuff superior migration will occur from the unopposed deltoid
-When RC becomes fatigue, can't stabilize humeral head with axillary nerve
wrapped around it, start to develop pain
What is the arthrokinematics of ER in patients with frozen shoulder? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Further increase in shoulder ER with a POSTERIOR glide
What is obligate motion? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>in a ball and socket joint,
post. capsule is hypomobile and humeral head is going to start to glide anterior and
superiorly, therefore why are you continuing to push it in that direction
-pushing posterior capsule gives input to NS and wakes up RC--> get humeral head
more central--> muscles in a better length tension relationship
What are the structures in the subacromial space? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
supraspinatus
-subacromial/subdeltoid bursa
-LH of biceps
What is the difference between RC tear and bursitis? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>-RC tear (contractile tissue), AROM is limited, but no reason
PROM should be limited. There should be weakness
-Bursitis (non contractile tissue), AROM and PROM both limited
