UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 ADV
PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (2025) (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
Question 1
A 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the back. Which of the following conditions is most
likely?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Aortic dissection
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
,Answer: B. Aortic dissection
Question 2
Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excessive cortisol production
D. Obesity-related hyperinsulinemia
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Question 3
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops hypoxemia.
What is the primary mechanism causing hypoxemia in this condition?
A. Alveolar hyperventilation
B. V/Q mismatch
C. Reduced diffusion capacity
D. Hypercapnia
Answer: B. V/Q mismatch
Question 4
Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE)?
A. Overproduction of uric acid leading to inflammation
B. Deposition of immune complexes and activation of the complement system
C. T-cell mediated destruction of myelin in the central nervous system
D. Uncontrolled activation of clotting cascades
Answer: B. Deposition of immune complexes and activation of the complement
system
,Question 5
In a patient with acute kidney injury, which of the following laboratory findings is
most indicative of a prerenal cause?
A. Elevated urine sodium concentration
B. FENa > 2%
C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio (>20:1)
D. Presence of muddy brown casts in the urine
Answer: C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio (>20:1)
Question 6
What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of asthma?
A. Airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Alveolar destruction and loss of elastic recoil
C. Impaired ciliary function and mucus plugging
D. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
Answer: A. Airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Question 7
A 70-year-old female presents with fatigue, pallor, and a low hematocrit. Her MCV is
elevated. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Thalassemia
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Anemia of chronic disease
Answer: C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Question 8
, Which of the following factors contributes to the development of heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)?
A. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
B. Impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased stiffness
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy
D. Atrial septal defect
Answer: B. Impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased stiffness
Question 9
A 45-year-old male with a history of alcohol use disorder presents with confusion,
ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Wernicke encephalopathy
B. Korsakoff syndrome
C. Huntington disease
D. Parkinson disease
Answer: A. Wernicke encephalopathy
Question 10
Which of the following cytokines plays a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid
arthritis?
A. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
B. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
Answer: C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Question 11
PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (2025) (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
Question 1
A 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the back. Which of the following conditions is most
likely?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Aortic dissection
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
,Answer: B. Aortic dissection
Question 2
Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excessive cortisol production
D. Obesity-related hyperinsulinemia
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Question 3
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops hypoxemia.
What is the primary mechanism causing hypoxemia in this condition?
A. Alveolar hyperventilation
B. V/Q mismatch
C. Reduced diffusion capacity
D. Hypercapnia
Answer: B. V/Q mismatch
Question 4
Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE)?
A. Overproduction of uric acid leading to inflammation
B. Deposition of immune complexes and activation of the complement system
C. T-cell mediated destruction of myelin in the central nervous system
D. Uncontrolled activation of clotting cascades
Answer: B. Deposition of immune complexes and activation of the complement
system
,Question 5
In a patient with acute kidney injury, which of the following laboratory findings is
most indicative of a prerenal cause?
A. Elevated urine sodium concentration
B. FENa > 2%
C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio (>20:1)
D. Presence of muddy brown casts in the urine
Answer: C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio (>20:1)
Question 6
What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of asthma?
A. Airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Alveolar destruction and loss of elastic recoil
C. Impaired ciliary function and mucus plugging
D. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
Answer: A. Airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Question 7
A 70-year-old female presents with fatigue, pallor, and a low hematocrit. Her MCV is
elevated. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Thalassemia
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Anemia of chronic disease
Answer: C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Question 8
, Which of the following factors contributes to the development of heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)?
A. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
B. Impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased stiffness
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy
D. Atrial septal defect
Answer: B. Impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased stiffness
Question 9
A 45-year-old male with a history of alcohol use disorder presents with confusion,
ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Wernicke encephalopathy
B. Korsakoff syndrome
C. Huntington disease
D. Parkinson disease
Answer: A. Wernicke encephalopathy
Question 10
Which of the following cytokines plays a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid
arthritis?
A. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
B. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
Answer: C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Question 11
