©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
aPHR Certification Exam Study Guide
The Clayton Act (1914) - Answer✔Modified the Sherman Anti-Trust act by prohibiting mergers
and acquisitions that would lessen competition. Also prohibits a single person from being a
director of two or more competing corporations. Restricts injunctions against labor and legalized
peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
The Consumer Credit Protection Act (1968) - Answer✔Congress expressed limits to the amount
of wages that can be garnished in any one week by an employer. Prohibits employees from being
fired because of garnishment.
The Copeland "Anti-Kickback" Act (1934) - Answer✔Precludes a federal contractor or
subcontractor from inducing an employee to give up any part of their wages to the employer to
have a job.
The Copyright Act (1976) - Answer✔Offers protection of "original works" for authors so others
may not print, distribute, or sell their work.
The Davis-Bacon Act (1931) - Answer✔Requires contractors and subcontractors on certain
federally funded or assisted construction projects of more than $2,000 to pay wages and benefits
equal to those in the local area. Applies only to laborers and mechanics.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010) - Answer✔Offers a
wide range of mandates affecting federal financial regulatory agencies and the nation's financial
services industry. Nonbinding vote for shareholders on executive compensation, golden
parachutes, return of executive compensation based on inaccurate financial statements.
The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (2001) - Answer✔Modifications to the
Internal Revenue Code that adjust pensions vesting schedules, increasing retirement plan limits,
permitting pretax catch-up contributions, modifying distribution and rollover rules.
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (1986) - Answer✔A law composed of two pieces
of legislation, the wiretap act and the stored communications act. Provide rules for access, use,
disclosure, interpretation, and privacy protections of electronic communications, and they
provide the possibility of both civil and criminal penalties for violations. Prohibits interception of
e-mails in transmission and access to e-mails in storage.
The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1998) - Answer✔Prohibited the use of lie detector tests
for job applications and employees of companies engaged in interstate commerce. Exceptions for
law enforcement and national security.
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, ©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1974) - Answer✔Governs how pension plans
are managed once they have been established. Establishes uniform minimum standards to ensure
that employee benefit plans are established and maintained in a fair and financially sound
manner. Protects employees covered by a pension plan from losses in benefits due to job
changes, plant closings, bankruptcies, or mismanagement.
Human Resource Operations - Answer✔Services provided by an HR Department to the
organization's operations.
HR Generalist - Answer✔Responsible for day to day management of HR operations. They
manage the administration of the orgs policies, procedures, and programs.
Transformational HR - Answer✔Delivering strategy and change
Transactional HR - Answer✔Dealing with a wide range of administrative and operational tasks
in support of the org.
Three Major Legal Compliance Domains - Answer✔Equal Opportunity
Affirmative Action
Sexual Harassment
Hiring - Answer✔Screening the best job candidates and making a formal job offer to the best
candidate.
Employment - Answer✔An agreement between an employer and an employee that the employee
will provide certain services on the job.
Co-employment - Answer✔Refers to circumstances in which a worker has simultaneous
employment relationships with two or more employers for one work situation.
Staffing - Answer✔involves human resource planning, recruitment, and selection
Employee Relations - Answer✔maintaining employer-employee relationships that contribute to
satisfactory productivity, motivation, and morale.
The Equal Pay Act (an Amendment to the FLSA) (1963) - Answer✔Prohibits employers from
discriminating on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees at a rate less than the rate paid
to employees of the opposite sex.
The FAA Modernization and Reform Act (2012) - Answer✔Amendment to the Railway Labor
Act to change union cert. election process and impose greater oversight of the National
Mediation Board. Requires the Government Accountability Office initially to evaluate the
NMB's certification procedures and audit operations every 2 years.
The Fair And Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT) (2003) - Answer✔Amendments to the
Fair Credit Reporting Act for third-party investigations of employee misconduct charges.
Employers are not required to disclose requirements or obtain employee consent if it involves
misconduct, violation of the law, of violation of preexisting written employer policies.
2|Page
aPHR Certification Exam Study Guide
The Clayton Act (1914) - Answer✔Modified the Sherman Anti-Trust act by prohibiting mergers
and acquisitions that would lessen competition. Also prohibits a single person from being a
director of two or more competing corporations. Restricts injunctions against labor and legalized
peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
The Consumer Credit Protection Act (1968) - Answer✔Congress expressed limits to the amount
of wages that can be garnished in any one week by an employer. Prohibits employees from being
fired because of garnishment.
The Copeland "Anti-Kickback" Act (1934) - Answer✔Precludes a federal contractor or
subcontractor from inducing an employee to give up any part of their wages to the employer to
have a job.
The Copyright Act (1976) - Answer✔Offers protection of "original works" for authors so others
may not print, distribute, or sell their work.
The Davis-Bacon Act (1931) - Answer✔Requires contractors and subcontractors on certain
federally funded or assisted construction projects of more than $2,000 to pay wages and benefits
equal to those in the local area. Applies only to laborers and mechanics.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010) - Answer✔Offers a
wide range of mandates affecting federal financial regulatory agencies and the nation's financial
services industry. Nonbinding vote for shareholders on executive compensation, golden
parachutes, return of executive compensation based on inaccurate financial statements.
The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (2001) - Answer✔Modifications to the
Internal Revenue Code that adjust pensions vesting schedules, increasing retirement plan limits,
permitting pretax catch-up contributions, modifying distribution and rollover rules.
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (1986) - Answer✔A law composed of two pieces
of legislation, the wiretap act and the stored communications act. Provide rules for access, use,
disclosure, interpretation, and privacy protections of electronic communications, and they
provide the possibility of both civil and criminal penalties for violations. Prohibits interception of
e-mails in transmission and access to e-mails in storage.
The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1998) - Answer✔Prohibited the use of lie detector tests
for job applications and employees of companies engaged in interstate commerce. Exceptions for
law enforcement and national security.
1|Page
, ©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1974) - Answer✔Governs how pension plans
are managed once they have been established. Establishes uniform minimum standards to ensure
that employee benefit plans are established and maintained in a fair and financially sound
manner. Protects employees covered by a pension plan from losses in benefits due to job
changes, plant closings, bankruptcies, or mismanagement.
Human Resource Operations - Answer✔Services provided by an HR Department to the
organization's operations.
HR Generalist - Answer✔Responsible for day to day management of HR operations. They
manage the administration of the orgs policies, procedures, and programs.
Transformational HR - Answer✔Delivering strategy and change
Transactional HR - Answer✔Dealing with a wide range of administrative and operational tasks
in support of the org.
Three Major Legal Compliance Domains - Answer✔Equal Opportunity
Affirmative Action
Sexual Harassment
Hiring - Answer✔Screening the best job candidates and making a formal job offer to the best
candidate.
Employment - Answer✔An agreement between an employer and an employee that the employee
will provide certain services on the job.
Co-employment - Answer✔Refers to circumstances in which a worker has simultaneous
employment relationships with two or more employers for one work situation.
Staffing - Answer✔involves human resource planning, recruitment, and selection
Employee Relations - Answer✔maintaining employer-employee relationships that contribute to
satisfactory productivity, motivation, and morale.
The Equal Pay Act (an Amendment to the FLSA) (1963) - Answer✔Prohibits employers from
discriminating on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees at a rate less than the rate paid
to employees of the opposite sex.
The FAA Modernization and Reform Act (2012) - Answer✔Amendment to the Railway Labor
Act to change union cert. election process and impose greater oversight of the National
Mediation Board. Requires the Government Accountability Office initially to evaluate the
NMB's certification procedures and audit operations every 2 years.
The Fair And Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT) (2003) - Answer✔Amendments to the
Fair Credit Reporting Act for third-party investigations of employee misconduct charges.
Employers are not required to disclose requirements or obtain employee consent if it involves
misconduct, violation of the law, of violation of preexisting written employer policies.
2|Page
