AGPCNP BOARD REVIEW
Lesions5often5begin5as5small,5firm,5dome-
shaped5growths5on5genitals5or5other5parts5of5the5body5(armpits,5neck,5face,5hands);5h
ave5a5surface5that5feels5smooth,5waxy,5or5pearly;5are5flesh-
colored5or5pink;5have5a5dimple5in5the5center5(may5be5filled5with5a5thick,5white5substan
ce5that5is5cheesy5or5waxy);5and5are5painless5but5itch.5Scratching5or5picking5can5sprea
d5the5virus.5-5ans--✔✔Molluscum5contagiosum
Thayer-Martin5Selective5Agar5is5an5enriched5medium5for5the5selective5isolation5of5-
5ans--✔✔Neisseria5species.5N.5gonorrhoeae
Trauma5to5Kiesselbach's5plexus5will5result5in5an5-5ans--✔✔anterior5nosebleed
The5diagnostic5or5gold-standard5test5for5sickle5cell5anemia5-5ans--✔✔glucose-56-
phosphate5dehydrogenase5(G6PD)5anemia
the5test5is5positive5in5De5Quervain's5tenosynovitis5-5ans--✔✔Finkelstein's5test—
positive5in5De5Quervain's5tenosynovitis
Anterior5drawer5maneuver5and5Lachman5maneuvers5are5positive5when:5-5ans--
✔✔anterior5cruciate5ligament5(ACL)5of5the5knee5is5damaged
positive5in5meniscus5injuries5of5the5knee5-5ans--✔✔McMurray's5sign
neovascularization,5cotton5wool5spots,5and5microaneurysms5are5suggestive5off5-5ans--
✔✔diabetic5retinopathy
atrioventricular5[AV]5nicking,5silver5and/
or5copper5wire5arterioles5on5fundal5exam5are5suggestive5of5-5ans--
✔✔hypertensive5retinopathy
A5S45heart5sound5is5auscultated5in5an5elderly5patients,5suggesting:5-5ans--
✔✔S45heart5sounds5absent5other5symptoms5in5the5elderly5are5often5a5benign5finding
For5pain5relief5during5pregnancy5use:5-5ans--
✔✔For5pain5relief,5pick5acetaminophen5(Tylenol)5instead5of5NSAIDs5such5as5ibuprofe
n5(Advil)5or5naproxen5(Aleve,5Anaprox)
,which5hand5should5the5ophthalmoscope5be5held5in5to5examine5a5patient's5eye5-5ans--
✔✔should5be5held5in5the5same5hand5as5the5eye5being5examined
the5cut5to5disc5ratio5of5a5normal5fundal5exam5should5not5exceed5-5ans--
✔✔1:2,5e.g.5the5cup5should5not5be5more5than5half5the5size5of5the5disc5diameter
if5the5provider5is5having5trouble5visualizing5the5macula5on5fundoscopic5exam,5the5pati
ent5should5be5asked5to5look:5-5ans--✔✔directly5into5the5light5of5the5ophthalmoscope
clinical5term5used5to5described5patient5who5have5trouble5seeing5items5that5are5far5aw
ay5(nearsightedness)5-5ans--✔✔myopia
clinical5term5for5farsightedness5-5ans--✔✔hyperopia
difficulty5in5maintaining5a5clear5focus5at5a5new5distance5due5to5lessening5of5flexibility5
of5the5crystalline5lens5and5weakening5of5ciliary5muscles5-5common5after5405years5-
5ans--✔✔presbyopia
raised,5wedge-
shaped5growth5of5noncancerous5tissue5over5the5conjunctiva5exacerbated5by5sun,5wind
5and5dust5-5ans--✔✔pterygium
acute5inflammatory5process5affecting5the5eyelid5usually5caused5by5staphylococcus5aur
eus5-5ans--✔✔hordeolum5(stye)
hordeolum5(stye)5is5most5commonly5caused5by5what5organism5-5ans--
✔✔staphylococcus5aureus
hordeolum5is5commonly5managed5with:5-5ans--✔✔1.5warm5compresses
2.5topical5bacitracin5or5erythromycin5ointment
3.5refer5to5an5ophthalmologist5if5not5resolved5in5~525days
beady5nodule5on5the5eye5lid5that5is5usually5painless5apart5from5the5tenderness5cause
d5by5swelling5-5ans--✔✔chalazion
seborrheic5dermatitis5of5the5LID5EDGE,5often5presents5with5red,5scaly,5greasy5flakes5-
5ans--✔✔blepharitis
tends5to5be5the5most5irritating5clinical5symptoms5of5blepharitis5-5ans--✔✔itching
TX5for5blepharitis5-5ans--✔✔1.5hot5compress
2.5topical5abx:5bacitracin5or5erythromycin
3.5Vigorously5scrub5lashes5and5lid5margins5with5eyes5closed5and5follow5with5thorough
5rinsing
, organism5most5commonly5responsible5for5blepharitis5-5ans--✔✔staphylococcus
most5common5inflammatory5eye5disorder5with5itching,5burning,5increases5tearing,5blurr
ed5vision5(possible),5sensation5of5foreign5body5in5the5eye5which5may5be5caused5by5all
ergies,5chemical5irritation,5bacterial,5viral5or5gonococcal/chlamydial5infection5-5ans--
✔✔conjunctivitis5(pink-eye)
results5from5an5increased5intraocular5pressure5-5ans--✔✔glaucoma
acute5increase5in5IOP,5opthalmic5emergency5-5ans--✔✔closed-angle5glaucoma
a5patient5who5presents5with5extreme5eye5pain,5blurred5vision,5pupils5that5are5dilated5o
r5fixed5and5HALOS5AROUND5LIGHTS5should5be:5-5ans--
✔✔referred5to5opthlamology5for5emergent5suspicion5of5closed-angel5glaucoma
screening5for5glaucoma5should5begin5at5age5-5ans--✔✔40
results5from5clouding5and5opacification5of5the5normally5clear5lens5of5the5eye5-5ans--
✔✔cataracts
highest5cause5of5treatable5blindness5is:5-5ans--✔✔cataracts
most5common5surgical5procedure5in5patients565+5-5ans--✔✔cataract5surgery
a5patient5presents5with5painless,5clouded5or5dim5vision5with5halos5around5lights,5no5re
d5reflex5and5DIPLOPIA5IN5A5SINGLE5EYE5would5be5suspected5of5-5ans--✔✔cataract
floaters5in5the5eye5is5the5most5concerning5symptom5for:5-5ans--✔✔retinal5detachment
the5most5important5diagnostic5indicator5in5the5evaluation5of5headache5is:5-5ans--
✔✔chronology
patient5describes5a5"vise-
like",5generalized5headache5that5is5more5intense5about5his5neck5and5back5of5head.5Th
e5most5probable5diagnosis5is:5-5ans--✔✔tension5headache
duration5of5tension5headaches5are5usually:5-5ans--✔✔no5more5than5a5few5hours
management5of5tension5headache5include:5-5ans--✔✔OTC5analgesics5and5relaxation
the5pathophysiology5of5most5migraines5is:5-5ans--
✔✔a5result5of5dilation5and5excessive5pulsation5of5the5external5carotid5artery
migraine's5typically5last:5-5ans--✔✔at5least525but5no5more5than5725hours
migraines5without5aura5are5classified5as:5-5ans--✔✔common5migraine
Lesions5often5begin5as5small,5firm,5dome-
shaped5growths5on5genitals5or5other5parts5of5the5body5(armpits,5neck,5face,5hands);5h
ave5a5surface5that5feels5smooth,5waxy,5or5pearly;5are5flesh-
colored5or5pink;5have5a5dimple5in5the5center5(may5be5filled5with5a5thick,5white5substan
ce5that5is5cheesy5or5waxy);5and5are5painless5but5itch.5Scratching5or5picking5can5sprea
d5the5virus.5-5ans--✔✔Molluscum5contagiosum
Thayer-Martin5Selective5Agar5is5an5enriched5medium5for5the5selective5isolation5of5-
5ans--✔✔Neisseria5species.5N.5gonorrhoeae
Trauma5to5Kiesselbach's5plexus5will5result5in5an5-5ans--✔✔anterior5nosebleed
The5diagnostic5or5gold-standard5test5for5sickle5cell5anemia5-5ans--✔✔glucose-56-
phosphate5dehydrogenase5(G6PD)5anemia
the5test5is5positive5in5De5Quervain's5tenosynovitis5-5ans--✔✔Finkelstein's5test—
positive5in5De5Quervain's5tenosynovitis
Anterior5drawer5maneuver5and5Lachman5maneuvers5are5positive5when:5-5ans--
✔✔anterior5cruciate5ligament5(ACL)5of5the5knee5is5damaged
positive5in5meniscus5injuries5of5the5knee5-5ans--✔✔McMurray's5sign
neovascularization,5cotton5wool5spots,5and5microaneurysms5are5suggestive5off5-5ans--
✔✔diabetic5retinopathy
atrioventricular5[AV]5nicking,5silver5and/
or5copper5wire5arterioles5on5fundal5exam5are5suggestive5of5-5ans--
✔✔hypertensive5retinopathy
A5S45heart5sound5is5auscultated5in5an5elderly5patients,5suggesting:5-5ans--
✔✔S45heart5sounds5absent5other5symptoms5in5the5elderly5are5often5a5benign5finding
For5pain5relief5during5pregnancy5use:5-5ans--
✔✔For5pain5relief,5pick5acetaminophen5(Tylenol)5instead5of5NSAIDs5such5as5ibuprofe
n5(Advil)5or5naproxen5(Aleve,5Anaprox)
,which5hand5should5the5ophthalmoscope5be5held5in5to5examine5a5patient's5eye5-5ans--
✔✔should5be5held5in5the5same5hand5as5the5eye5being5examined
the5cut5to5disc5ratio5of5a5normal5fundal5exam5should5not5exceed5-5ans--
✔✔1:2,5e.g.5the5cup5should5not5be5more5than5half5the5size5of5the5disc5diameter
if5the5provider5is5having5trouble5visualizing5the5macula5on5fundoscopic5exam,5the5pati
ent5should5be5asked5to5look:5-5ans--✔✔directly5into5the5light5of5the5ophthalmoscope
clinical5term5used5to5described5patient5who5have5trouble5seeing5items5that5are5far5aw
ay5(nearsightedness)5-5ans--✔✔myopia
clinical5term5for5farsightedness5-5ans--✔✔hyperopia
difficulty5in5maintaining5a5clear5focus5at5a5new5distance5due5to5lessening5of5flexibility5
of5the5crystalline5lens5and5weakening5of5ciliary5muscles5-5common5after5405years5-
5ans--✔✔presbyopia
raised,5wedge-
shaped5growth5of5noncancerous5tissue5over5the5conjunctiva5exacerbated5by5sun,5wind
5and5dust5-5ans--✔✔pterygium
acute5inflammatory5process5affecting5the5eyelid5usually5caused5by5staphylococcus5aur
eus5-5ans--✔✔hordeolum5(stye)
hordeolum5(stye)5is5most5commonly5caused5by5what5organism5-5ans--
✔✔staphylococcus5aureus
hordeolum5is5commonly5managed5with:5-5ans--✔✔1.5warm5compresses
2.5topical5bacitracin5or5erythromycin5ointment
3.5refer5to5an5ophthalmologist5if5not5resolved5in5~525days
beady5nodule5on5the5eye5lid5that5is5usually5painless5apart5from5the5tenderness5cause
d5by5swelling5-5ans--✔✔chalazion
seborrheic5dermatitis5of5the5LID5EDGE,5often5presents5with5red,5scaly,5greasy5flakes5-
5ans--✔✔blepharitis
tends5to5be5the5most5irritating5clinical5symptoms5of5blepharitis5-5ans--✔✔itching
TX5for5blepharitis5-5ans--✔✔1.5hot5compress
2.5topical5abx:5bacitracin5or5erythromycin
3.5Vigorously5scrub5lashes5and5lid5margins5with5eyes5closed5and5follow5with5thorough
5rinsing
, organism5most5commonly5responsible5for5blepharitis5-5ans--✔✔staphylococcus
most5common5inflammatory5eye5disorder5with5itching,5burning,5increases5tearing,5blurr
ed5vision5(possible),5sensation5of5foreign5body5in5the5eye5which5may5be5caused5by5all
ergies,5chemical5irritation,5bacterial,5viral5or5gonococcal/chlamydial5infection5-5ans--
✔✔conjunctivitis5(pink-eye)
results5from5an5increased5intraocular5pressure5-5ans--✔✔glaucoma
acute5increase5in5IOP,5opthalmic5emergency5-5ans--✔✔closed-angle5glaucoma
a5patient5who5presents5with5extreme5eye5pain,5blurred5vision,5pupils5that5are5dilated5o
r5fixed5and5HALOS5AROUND5LIGHTS5should5be:5-5ans--
✔✔referred5to5opthlamology5for5emergent5suspicion5of5closed-angel5glaucoma
screening5for5glaucoma5should5begin5at5age5-5ans--✔✔40
results5from5clouding5and5opacification5of5the5normally5clear5lens5of5the5eye5-5ans--
✔✔cataracts
highest5cause5of5treatable5blindness5is:5-5ans--✔✔cataracts
most5common5surgical5procedure5in5patients565+5-5ans--✔✔cataract5surgery
a5patient5presents5with5painless,5clouded5or5dim5vision5with5halos5around5lights,5no5re
d5reflex5and5DIPLOPIA5IN5A5SINGLE5EYE5would5be5suspected5of5-5ans--✔✔cataract
floaters5in5the5eye5is5the5most5concerning5symptom5for:5-5ans--✔✔retinal5detachment
the5most5important5diagnostic5indicator5in5the5evaluation5of5headache5is:5-5ans--
✔✔chronology
patient5describes5a5"vise-
like",5generalized5headache5that5is5more5intense5about5his5neck5and5back5of5head.5Th
e5most5probable5diagnosis5is:5-5ans--✔✔tension5headache
duration5of5tension5headaches5are5usually:5-5ans--✔✔no5more5than5a5few5hours
management5of5tension5headache5include:5-5ans--✔✔OTC5analgesics5and5relaxation
the5pathophysiology5of5most5migraines5is:5-5ans--
✔✔a5result5of5dilation5and5excessive5pulsation5of5the5external5carotid5artery
migraine's5typically5last:5-5ans--✔✔at5least525but5no5more5than5725hours
migraines5without5aura5are5classified5as:5-5ans--✔✔common5migraine
