EES midterm 2 multiple choice
Questions Answers 100% Correct!
Increasing geographic resolution in maps of disease risk can ____ statistical power and
_____ precision
Select one:
a. Decrease, reduce
b. Increase, improve
c. Decrease, improve
d. Increase, reduce - ANSWERSA
Distance decay weighting and kriging are both methods of
Select one:
a. Spatial interpolation
b. Spatial queries
c. Buffering
d. Layering - ANSWERSA
Most GIS studies are observational rather than experimental so _______, ________,
and ______ must be considered when interpreting results
Select one:
a. Scale, resolution, projection
b. None of the above
c. Location, correlation, demographics
d. Bias, confounding, effect modification - ANSWERSD
Buffering is a GIS operation that involves
Select one:
a. Adjusting the pH of a map feature
b. Linking two or more databases by their underlying spatial position or geography
c. Downloading streamed geographic data before plotting a map
d. None of the above - ANSWERSB
Even though spatial proximity rarely provides an accurate surrogate for measured
exposure values, the ____________ may be sufficient for exploratory analyses.
Select one:
a. Null values
b. Participant addresses
c. Linear data
d. Relative ranking - ANSWERSD
An attribute is a component of georeferenced data that is best described as
Select one:
, a. A qualified hypothesis of a geographic study
b. The shape of a map feature
c. The color and size of a map feature
d. A measurement taken at a given location - ANSWERSD
Some of the familiar assumptions in biostatistics are not valid with spatial data. For
example, biostatistics methods typically assume all observations are _____ while when
spatially considered, they are often ____.
Select one:
a. Weighted, unweighted
b. Independent, correlated
c. Unweighted, weighted
d. Correlated, independent - ANSWERSB
Consideration of spatial scale is important because the spatial extent of an exposure
may in turn define the spatial extent of _______ and potential ______
Select one:
a. Exposure, risk
b. Exposure, health impacts
c. Health impacts, interventions
d. Interventions, health impacts - ANSWERSC
Spatial analysis of local disease risk involves investigating whether or not local rates are
higher or lower than expected based on demographic characteristics; methods for
assessing potential clusters of high risk are _______ part of standard biostatistics
training or software.
Select one:
a. always
b. rarely
c. sometimes
d. usually - ANSWERSB
Which part of the dose-response curve is used by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to determine a reference dose for a particular chemical
Select one:
a. The NOAEL
b. Where the curve passes through the y-axis
c. The origin
d. The slope of the curve in the high dose range - ANSWERSA
Of the four key steps in toxicokinetics, metabolism involves
Select one:
a. Chemicals moving within the body to various organs
b. Chemical processing to facilitate elimination
c. Chemicals gaining access to the inside of the body
d. Elimination from the body via urine, feces, exhaled breath - ANSWERSB
Questions Answers 100% Correct!
Increasing geographic resolution in maps of disease risk can ____ statistical power and
_____ precision
Select one:
a. Decrease, reduce
b. Increase, improve
c. Decrease, improve
d. Increase, reduce - ANSWERSA
Distance decay weighting and kriging are both methods of
Select one:
a. Spatial interpolation
b. Spatial queries
c. Buffering
d. Layering - ANSWERSA
Most GIS studies are observational rather than experimental so _______, ________,
and ______ must be considered when interpreting results
Select one:
a. Scale, resolution, projection
b. None of the above
c. Location, correlation, demographics
d. Bias, confounding, effect modification - ANSWERSD
Buffering is a GIS operation that involves
Select one:
a. Adjusting the pH of a map feature
b. Linking two or more databases by their underlying spatial position or geography
c. Downloading streamed geographic data before plotting a map
d. None of the above - ANSWERSB
Even though spatial proximity rarely provides an accurate surrogate for measured
exposure values, the ____________ may be sufficient for exploratory analyses.
Select one:
a. Null values
b. Participant addresses
c. Linear data
d. Relative ranking - ANSWERSD
An attribute is a component of georeferenced data that is best described as
Select one:
, a. A qualified hypothesis of a geographic study
b. The shape of a map feature
c. The color and size of a map feature
d. A measurement taken at a given location - ANSWERSD
Some of the familiar assumptions in biostatistics are not valid with spatial data. For
example, biostatistics methods typically assume all observations are _____ while when
spatially considered, they are often ____.
Select one:
a. Weighted, unweighted
b. Independent, correlated
c. Unweighted, weighted
d. Correlated, independent - ANSWERSB
Consideration of spatial scale is important because the spatial extent of an exposure
may in turn define the spatial extent of _______ and potential ______
Select one:
a. Exposure, risk
b. Exposure, health impacts
c. Health impacts, interventions
d. Interventions, health impacts - ANSWERSC
Spatial analysis of local disease risk involves investigating whether or not local rates are
higher or lower than expected based on demographic characteristics; methods for
assessing potential clusters of high risk are _______ part of standard biostatistics
training or software.
Select one:
a. always
b. rarely
c. sometimes
d. usually - ANSWERSB
Which part of the dose-response curve is used by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to determine a reference dose for a particular chemical
Select one:
a. The NOAEL
b. Where the curve passes through the y-axis
c. The origin
d. The slope of the curve in the high dose range - ANSWERSA
Of the four key steps in toxicokinetics, metabolism involves
Select one:
a. Chemicals moving within the body to various organs
b. Chemical processing to facilitate elimination
c. Chemicals gaining access to the inside of the body
d. Elimination from the body via urine, feces, exhaled breath - ANSWERSB
