PTHER 555 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
what does the evidence suggest for use of LASER for certain conditions (tendinopathy,
LBP, carpal tunnel, wounds, RA) - ANSWER -beneficial for LBP, RA, & tendinopathy
-inconclusive for carpal tunnel & wounds
discuss the differences with class 4 lasers ( - ANSWER -expensive
-produce heat
-lower Tx time
what does LASER mean? - ANSWER Light
Amplification by
Stimulated
Emission of
Radiation
what are the properties of laser? (3) - ANSWER -monochronmatic: single wave length is
the same colour
-spacial coherence: travelling in the same direction
-temporal coherence: travelling in the same phase
what is collimation? - ANSWER -due to temporal and spatial coherence the beam is
focused
what is the commonly used form of laser in PT? - ANSWER -3B
what safety measures should be used with laser? (3) - ANSWER -eye protection
-separate room
-warning sign outside the room
What is photobiomodulation? - ANSWER -alteration of cellular activity
what tissues absorb u/s better? - ANSWER -high protein, low water structures
what are the 3 things that can happen to a sound wave? - ANSWER -reflection
-refraction
, -absorption
what is cavitation? - ANSWER -making bubbles expand/contract which bump against
each other increasing cell membrane permeability
how is an u/s created? - ANSWER -crystals move which create sounds waves sent into
the tissue causing the effects of u/s
what is microstreaming? - ANSWER -small molecules bumping into the cells causing cell
membrane permeability
2 therapeutic benefits of non-thermal u/s? - ANSWER -pro-inflammatory
-pro-proliferative
what is the relationship with ERA and Tx area? - ANSWER -maximum of 4x the side of the
head
true or false: the dosage from the u/s is the same dosage the tissue receives - ANSWER
-false
what is the relationship with laser and the depth of penetration? - ANSWER -laser
triggers primary effects in the superficial tissues which cause secondary effects in the
deeper tissues
what are the therapeutic effects of LLLT? (4) - ANSWER -decrease inflammation
-decrease secondary tissue damage
-enhance tissue healing
-decrease pain
what laser parameters are able to be changed? (4) - ANSWER -energy density
-total energy
-time
-number of points
what is the formula for total energy? - ANSWER energy density x ERA
what is pulsed mode used for in LLLT? - ANSWER -used when a lower power density is
required in order to not overload the tissue
what are the properties of sound waves? (4) - ANSWER -amplitude
-velocity
-frequency
what does the evidence suggest for use of LASER for certain conditions (tendinopathy,
LBP, carpal tunnel, wounds, RA) - ANSWER -beneficial for LBP, RA, & tendinopathy
-inconclusive for carpal tunnel & wounds
discuss the differences with class 4 lasers ( - ANSWER -expensive
-produce heat
-lower Tx time
what does LASER mean? - ANSWER Light
Amplification by
Stimulated
Emission of
Radiation
what are the properties of laser? (3) - ANSWER -monochronmatic: single wave length is
the same colour
-spacial coherence: travelling in the same direction
-temporal coherence: travelling in the same phase
what is collimation? - ANSWER -due to temporal and spatial coherence the beam is
focused
what is the commonly used form of laser in PT? - ANSWER -3B
what safety measures should be used with laser? (3) - ANSWER -eye protection
-separate room
-warning sign outside the room
What is photobiomodulation? - ANSWER -alteration of cellular activity
what tissues absorb u/s better? - ANSWER -high protein, low water structures
what are the 3 things that can happen to a sound wave? - ANSWER -reflection
-refraction
, -absorption
what is cavitation? - ANSWER -making bubbles expand/contract which bump against
each other increasing cell membrane permeability
how is an u/s created? - ANSWER -crystals move which create sounds waves sent into
the tissue causing the effects of u/s
what is microstreaming? - ANSWER -small molecules bumping into the cells causing cell
membrane permeability
2 therapeutic benefits of non-thermal u/s? - ANSWER -pro-inflammatory
-pro-proliferative
what is the relationship with ERA and Tx area? - ANSWER -maximum of 4x the side of the
head
true or false: the dosage from the u/s is the same dosage the tissue receives - ANSWER
-false
what is the relationship with laser and the depth of penetration? - ANSWER -laser
triggers primary effects in the superficial tissues which cause secondary effects in the
deeper tissues
what are the therapeutic effects of LLLT? (4) - ANSWER -decrease inflammation
-decrease secondary tissue damage
-enhance tissue healing
-decrease pain
what laser parameters are able to be changed? (4) - ANSWER -energy density
-total energy
-time
-number of points
what is the formula for total energy? - ANSWER energy density x ERA
what is pulsed mode used for in LLLT? - ANSWER -used when a lower power density is
required in order to not overload the tissue
what are the properties of sound waves? (4) - ANSWER -amplitude
-velocity
-frequency
