MIEH 300 Final Exam: Study Guide and Practice Questions
Environmental science - correct answer ✔✔the study of how HUMANS interact with the environment
Environmental health - correct answer ✔✔the study of how the ENVIRONMENT affects human health
One health approach - correct answer ✔✔an interdisciplinary approach used to evaluate the
connections between humans, animals, and the environment
Westward Expansion - correct answer ✔✔The government promoted settlement in the Midwest and
West and gave millions of acres to citizens
What characterized the first two centuries of U.S. history in terms of environmental practices? - correct
answer ✔✔A time of widespread environmental exploitation.
frontier attitude - correct answer ✔✔a desire to conquer andexploit nature as quickly as possible10
What was the significance of the establishment of Yellowstone Park in 1872? - correct answer ✔✔It was
established by Congress as the world's first national park after explorers reported on the natural beauty
of the Yellowstone River's canyon and falls.
Americas Forestry Association - correct answer ✔✔Influenced public opinion against the wholesale
destruction of America's forests.
What did the Yosemite National Park Bill of 1890 accomplish? - correct answer ✔✔It established
Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks in California.
John Muir - correct answer ✔✔A naturalist and writer who led efforts to establish Yosemite and Sequoia
National Parks. Also founded the Sierra Club, a national conservation organization
,Antiquities Act 1906 - correct answer ✔✔Authorized the president to set aside certain sites that had
scientific, historical, or prehistoric importance.
National Park Service 1916 - correct answer ✔✔Immediately brought 40 existing parks and monuments
under federal protection
London Killer Smog 1952 - correct answer ✔✔December 5th - 9th 1952. Caused by coal burning and
weather conditions
What prompted the Clean Air Act of 1956 - correct answer ✔✔London Killer Smog of 1952
What was discharged into Minamata Bay, Japan? - correct answer ✔✔Waste from a chemical plant
(Chisso Co. Ltd.)
What caused methylmercury poisoning in Minamata Bay? - correct answer ✔✔Contaminated fish and
shellfish
What were some symptoms of methylmercury poisoning in Minamata Bay? - correct answer ✔✔Sensory
disturbances, tremors, brain lesions, coma, and death
Cuyahoga River Fire - correct answer ✔✔Was one of the most polluted rivers in the United States. River
fire causes $1 million in damage. Resulted in creation of EPA and Clean Water Act
What prompted the Clean Water Act - correct answer ✔✔Cuyahoga River Act
Santa Barbara Oil Spill - correct answer ✔✔Largest oil spill at time of occurrence.
What is one health impact of oil spills? - correct answer ✔✔Oil spills can cause respiratory problems,
skin irritation, and long-term health issues for people exposed to the toxic chemicals in the oil, especially
workers and residents near the spill site.
, Rachel Carson - correct answer ✔✔one of the first people to realize the global dangers of pesticide
abuse (DDT). Wrote Silent Spring.
Paul Ehrlich - correct answer ✔✔Published book "The Population Bomb" which triggered public debate
on the issue of overpopulation and how to address it effectively.
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔the study of thedistribution and determinants of health and
diseases,morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in populations
What are the two goals of epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔Intervening and preventing disease
occurrence
Environmental epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔Establishing a casual association between an
environmental agent and a disease
epidemiologist bathtub - correct answer ✔✔
incidence - correct answer ✔✔number of new cases
prevalence - correct answer ✔✔number of existing cases
point prevalence - correct answer ✔✔All cases of, or deaths from, a disease or health condition that
exist at a particular point in time relative to a specific population from which the cases are derived
How to establish causality - correct answer ✔✔1. The exposure came BEFORE the disease (temporality)
2. The observed relationship between exposure and disease did not happen by chance (specificity)
3. There is nothing else that accounts for the relationship between exposure and disease (no
confounding)
John Snow - correct answer ✔✔father of epidemiology
Environmental science - correct answer ✔✔the study of how HUMANS interact with the environment
Environmental health - correct answer ✔✔the study of how the ENVIRONMENT affects human health
One health approach - correct answer ✔✔an interdisciplinary approach used to evaluate the
connections between humans, animals, and the environment
Westward Expansion - correct answer ✔✔The government promoted settlement in the Midwest and
West and gave millions of acres to citizens
What characterized the first two centuries of U.S. history in terms of environmental practices? - correct
answer ✔✔A time of widespread environmental exploitation.
frontier attitude - correct answer ✔✔a desire to conquer andexploit nature as quickly as possible10
What was the significance of the establishment of Yellowstone Park in 1872? - correct answer ✔✔It was
established by Congress as the world's first national park after explorers reported on the natural beauty
of the Yellowstone River's canyon and falls.
Americas Forestry Association - correct answer ✔✔Influenced public opinion against the wholesale
destruction of America's forests.
What did the Yosemite National Park Bill of 1890 accomplish? - correct answer ✔✔It established
Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks in California.
John Muir - correct answer ✔✔A naturalist and writer who led efforts to establish Yosemite and Sequoia
National Parks. Also founded the Sierra Club, a national conservation organization
,Antiquities Act 1906 - correct answer ✔✔Authorized the president to set aside certain sites that had
scientific, historical, or prehistoric importance.
National Park Service 1916 - correct answer ✔✔Immediately brought 40 existing parks and monuments
under federal protection
London Killer Smog 1952 - correct answer ✔✔December 5th - 9th 1952. Caused by coal burning and
weather conditions
What prompted the Clean Air Act of 1956 - correct answer ✔✔London Killer Smog of 1952
What was discharged into Minamata Bay, Japan? - correct answer ✔✔Waste from a chemical plant
(Chisso Co. Ltd.)
What caused methylmercury poisoning in Minamata Bay? - correct answer ✔✔Contaminated fish and
shellfish
What were some symptoms of methylmercury poisoning in Minamata Bay? - correct answer ✔✔Sensory
disturbances, tremors, brain lesions, coma, and death
Cuyahoga River Fire - correct answer ✔✔Was one of the most polluted rivers in the United States. River
fire causes $1 million in damage. Resulted in creation of EPA and Clean Water Act
What prompted the Clean Water Act - correct answer ✔✔Cuyahoga River Act
Santa Barbara Oil Spill - correct answer ✔✔Largest oil spill at time of occurrence.
What is one health impact of oil spills? - correct answer ✔✔Oil spills can cause respiratory problems,
skin irritation, and long-term health issues for people exposed to the toxic chemicals in the oil, especially
workers and residents near the spill site.
, Rachel Carson - correct answer ✔✔one of the first people to realize the global dangers of pesticide
abuse (DDT). Wrote Silent Spring.
Paul Ehrlich - correct answer ✔✔Published book "The Population Bomb" which triggered public debate
on the issue of overpopulation and how to address it effectively.
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔the study of thedistribution and determinants of health and
diseases,morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in populations
What are the two goals of epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔Intervening and preventing disease
occurrence
Environmental epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔Establishing a casual association between an
environmental agent and a disease
epidemiologist bathtub - correct answer ✔✔
incidence - correct answer ✔✔number of new cases
prevalence - correct answer ✔✔number of existing cases
point prevalence - correct answer ✔✔All cases of, or deaths from, a disease or health condition that
exist at a particular point in time relative to a specific population from which the cases are derived
How to establish causality - correct answer ✔✔1. The exposure came BEFORE the disease (temporality)
2. The observed relationship between exposure and disease did not happen by chance (specificity)
3. There is nothing else that accounts for the relationship between exposure and disease (no
confounding)
John Snow - correct answer ✔✔father of epidemiology
