AACN CMC Exam with Accurate
Solutions
What percentage of ventricular filling is passive and what percentage is atrial kick? -
Correct Answers-Passive - 75%
Atrial kick -- 25-35%
What 3 components make up stroke volume? - Correct Answers-Preload
Afterload
Contractility
Uses of beta blockers - Correct Answers-HTN
Classic angina (Coronary artery obstruction)
Ventricular and Supraventricular arrhythmia's
ACS
Heart failure
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Clinical effects of beta blockers - Correct Answers-Decreased heart rate
Decreased contractility
Decreased automaticity
Decreased conduction velocity
Decreased renin release (kidneys)
Cardioselective beta blockers - Correct Answers-Block Beta 1 receptors
N-AMEBA
Nebivolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol**
Esmolol
Bisoprolol**
Acebutolol
**are usually used in patients with CHF with co-morbid COPD, asthma
Alpha/Beta Blockers - Correct Answers-Labetalol -- HTN emergencies
Carvedilol -- Heart failure
, nonselective beta blockers - Correct Answers-Block Beta 1 and Beta 2 blockers
Propranolol
Sotalol
Timolol
Nadolol
Oxprenolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol
Effects of CCBs - Correct Answers-Heart --
Decreased heart rate
Decreased conduction velocity
Decreased contractility
Blood vessels --
Coronary vasodilation (prevent vasospasm)
Peripheral vasodilation (after load reduction)
Uses of CCBs - Correct Answers-HTN - dihydropyridines -pines
Angina (vasospasm and classic)
Arrhythmias (diltiazem)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
If you suspect a beta blocker or CCB overdose, how do you differentiate? - Correct
Answers-Check a blood sugar
Tend to have hyperglycemia with CCB overdose
What is the role of the kidney is heart failure? - Correct Answers-Juxtaglomerular cells
on the afferent arteriole release renin when renal blood flow is reduced
What are the effects of ACE and ARBs? - Correct Answers-preload and afterload
reduction due to venous and arterial vasodilation
What is the aldosterone blocker? What are the unwanted side effects? - Correct
Answers-spironolactone -- indicated for HF and HTN
Potassium sparing diuretic
effect androgen and progesterone so it can cause sexual dysfunction, gynecomastia,
menstrual problems and breast pain
eplerenone -- most selective aldosterone blocker that does not have unwanted side
effects as above
Solutions
What percentage of ventricular filling is passive and what percentage is atrial kick? -
Correct Answers-Passive - 75%
Atrial kick -- 25-35%
What 3 components make up stroke volume? - Correct Answers-Preload
Afterload
Contractility
Uses of beta blockers - Correct Answers-HTN
Classic angina (Coronary artery obstruction)
Ventricular and Supraventricular arrhythmia's
ACS
Heart failure
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Clinical effects of beta blockers - Correct Answers-Decreased heart rate
Decreased contractility
Decreased automaticity
Decreased conduction velocity
Decreased renin release (kidneys)
Cardioselective beta blockers - Correct Answers-Block Beta 1 receptors
N-AMEBA
Nebivolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol**
Esmolol
Bisoprolol**
Acebutolol
**are usually used in patients with CHF with co-morbid COPD, asthma
Alpha/Beta Blockers - Correct Answers-Labetalol -- HTN emergencies
Carvedilol -- Heart failure
, nonselective beta blockers - Correct Answers-Block Beta 1 and Beta 2 blockers
Propranolol
Sotalol
Timolol
Nadolol
Oxprenolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol
Effects of CCBs - Correct Answers-Heart --
Decreased heart rate
Decreased conduction velocity
Decreased contractility
Blood vessels --
Coronary vasodilation (prevent vasospasm)
Peripheral vasodilation (after load reduction)
Uses of CCBs - Correct Answers-HTN - dihydropyridines -pines
Angina (vasospasm and classic)
Arrhythmias (diltiazem)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
If you suspect a beta blocker or CCB overdose, how do you differentiate? - Correct
Answers-Check a blood sugar
Tend to have hyperglycemia with CCB overdose
What is the role of the kidney is heart failure? - Correct Answers-Juxtaglomerular cells
on the afferent arteriole release renin when renal blood flow is reduced
What are the effects of ACE and ARBs? - Correct Answers-preload and afterload
reduction due to venous and arterial vasodilation
What is the aldosterone blocker? What are the unwanted side effects? - Correct
Answers-spironolactone -- indicated for HF and HTN
Potassium sparing diuretic
effect androgen and progesterone so it can cause sexual dysfunction, gynecomastia,
menstrual problems and breast pain
eplerenone -- most selective aldosterone blocker that does not have unwanted side
effects as above
