NURS 8026 Test 1 With
Complete Solution
Dynamic thinking process that lads to the identification of a hypothesis that test explains
the clinical evidence. - ANSWER Diagnostic Reasoning
What are the two factors that affect differential diagnosis reasoning? - ANSWER Patient
driven factors and Clinical driven factors
What kind of reasoning associates between clinical data and trigger the potential
presence of a disease?
-Demographic description
-Presentating Manifestations
-s/s
=probably cause - ANSWER Probabilistic Reasoning (A+B=C)
Define the following diagnostic reasoning:
Elderly pt with confusion. Hx: 6 weeks ago he was rational and independent. Fell and hit
head, loosing consciousness for a little bit. Fine the next day. Possible "chronic SDH" -
ANSWER Probabilistic Reasoning (A+B=C)
What is causal reasoning? - ANSWER Based on cause and effect between clinical data.
Define the following diagnostic reasoning type:
Someone with high triglycerides at risk for pancreatitis/CAD. - ANSWER Causal
reasoning
What is deterministic reasoning? - ANSWER Things that you know exist like ABC =
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What are some characteristics of Deterministic Reasoning? - ANSWER Depends on
Knowledge that exists as unambiguous
Outline routine clinical practice
Diagnostic Algorithm (ACLS)
List of rules
, What are the 3 types of diagnostic reasoning? - ANSWER Probabilistic
Causal
Deterministic
What are the two patterns of diagnostic reasoning? - ANSWER 1. Backward Reasoning
2. Forward Reasoning
What are heuristics? - ANSWER (Rule of Thumb) Mental strategies to provide short cut
but can also lead to errors.
What are 2 examples of heuristics? - ANSWER 1.) Atypical clinical presentation of
common disease more common than typical presentation of rare disease.
2.) Implicatio that 1 disease process is present that explains all manifestations
What are maxims? - ANSWER Guiding principles used by experts
What is explicit knowledge? - ANSWER Knowledge that can be systemically described,
analyzed or taught.
What is tacit knowledge? - ANSWER Depends on previous experiences you've had.
Processed without conscious awareness
What is sensitivity? - ANSWER Confirms the presence of disease.
What proportion of those patients who have the disease will have an abnormal + result =
True + - ANSWER Sensitivity
True +
What confirms the absence of disease? - ANSWER Specificity
What proportion of the patients who do not have (absence) the disease will have a
normal result = True - - ANSWER Specificity
True -
What is pretest probability - ANSWER Probability that the patient has the disease before
the result is known.
Ex: Think pt is pregnant. A+B+C+D = Test result. Late period, breast tenderness, early
morning sickness, actively trying to get pregnant = pregnancy test.
What is this an example of? - ANSWER Pre test Probability.
What is post test probability? - ANSWER Probability the patient having the disease after
the results are known.
Complete Solution
Dynamic thinking process that lads to the identification of a hypothesis that test explains
the clinical evidence. - ANSWER Diagnostic Reasoning
What are the two factors that affect differential diagnosis reasoning? - ANSWER Patient
driven factors and Clinical driven factors
What kind of reasoning associates between clinical data and trigger the potential
presence of a disease?
-Demographic description
-Presentating Manifestations
-s/s
=probably cause - ANSWER Probabilistic Reasoning (A+B=C)
Define the following diagnostic reasoning:
Elderly pt with confusion. Hx: 6 weeks ago he was rational and independent. Fell and hit
head, loosing consciousness for a little bit. Fine the next day. Possible "chronic SDH" -
ANSWER Probabilistic Reasoning (A+B=C)
What is causal reasoning? - ANSWER Based on cause and effect between clinical data.
Define the following diagnostic reasoning type:
Someone with high triglycerides at risk for pancreatitis/CAD. - ANSWER Causal
reasoning
What is deterministic reasoning? - ANSWER Things that you know exist like ABC =
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What are some characteristics of Deterministic Reasoning? - ANSWER Depends on
Knowledge that exists as unambiguous
Outline routine clinical practice
Diagnostic Algorithm (ACLS)
List of rules
, What are the 3 types of diagnostic reasoning? - ANSWER Probabilistic
Causal
Deterministic
What are the two patterns of diagnostic reasoning? - ANSWER 1. Backward Reasoning
2. Forward Reasoning
What are heuristics? - ANSWER (Rule of Thumb) Mental strategies to provide short cut
but can also lead to errors.
What are 2 examples of heuristics? - ANSWER 1.) Atypical clinical presentation of
common disease more common than typical presentation of rare disease.
2.) Implicatio that 1 disease process is present that explains all manifestations
What are maxims? - ANSWER Guiding principles used by experts
What is explicit knowledge? - ANSWER Knowledge that can be systemically described,
analyzed or taught.
What is tacit knowledge? - ANSWER Depends on previous experiences you've had.
Processed without conscious awareness
What is sensitivity? - ANSWER Confirms the presence of disease.
What proportion of those patients who have the disease will have an abnormal + result =
True + - ANSWER Sensitivity
True +
What confirms the absence of disease? - ANSWER Specificity
What proportion of the patients who do not have (absence) the disease will have a
normal result = True - - ANSWER Specificity
True -
What is pretest probability - ANSWER Probability that the patient has the disease before
the result is known.
Ex: Think pt is pregnant. A+B+C+D = Test result. Late period, breast tenderness, early
morning sickness, actively trying to get pregnant = pregnancy test.
What is this an example of? - ANSWER Pre test Probability.
What is post test probability? - ANSWER Probability the patient having the disease after
the results are known.
