HESI PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS | TESTED AND
PROVEN ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
100% (GRADE A+)
The nurse is reviewing medical record notes of a client with bladder cancer who is prescribed
concentrations of methotrexate followed by leucovorin (citrovorum factor, folic acid). The nurse
should include in the client's education which information about the anticipated therapeutic effect
of leucovorin?
1. "It promotes medication excretion."
2. "It will promote protein synthesis."
3. "It will help to preserve normal cells."
4. "It speeds up the effect of the methotrexate."
Ans>> 3. It will help preserve normal cells
The administration of leucovorin with methotrexate is known as leucovorin rescue. High
concentrations of methotrexate cause harm and damage to normal cells. Leucovorin bypasses the
metabolic block caused by methotrexate, thereby permitting normal cells to synthesize. Leucovorin
rescue is potentially hazardous because failure to administer leucovorin in the right dose at the
right time can be fatal.
1
,A topical corticosteroid is prescribed for an infant with dermatitis in the gluteal area. The nurse
provides instructions to the mother regarding the use of the medication. Which statement by the
mother indicates an understanding of the use of the medication?
1."I should not rub the medication into the skin."
2."The medication will help relieve the inflammation."
3."I need to apply the medication in a thick layer to protect the skin." 4."I should protect the area
by covering it with a diaper and plastic pants."
Ans>> 2. The medication will help relieve the inflammation
A topical corticosteroid will relieve inflammation. The mother should be advised not to apply a
tight-fitting diaper or plastic pants after applying the medication because these items will act as
an occlusive dressing. The use of occlusive dressings (bandages or plastic wraps) over the
affected site is avoided after application of the topical corticosteroid unless the health care
provider specifically prescribes this wound coverage. The medication is gently rubbed into the
skin after a thin layer is applied.
2
,A client is seen in the clinic for complaints of thirst, frequent urination, and headaches. After
diagnostic studies, diabetes insipidus is diagnosed. Desmopressin is prescribed. The client asks why
this medication was prescribed. Which is a correct statement by the nurse?
1."It relieves the headaches."
2."It increases water reabsorption."
3."It stimulates the production of aldosterone."
4."It decreases the production of the antidiuretic hormone."
Ans>> 2. It increases water reabsorption
Desmopressin is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. It
promotes renal conservation of water by acting on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase
the permeability to water, which results in increased water reabsorption. Desmopressin does not
relieve headaches, stimulate aldosterone, or decrease production of ADH.
A client's medication sheet contains a prescription for sertraline. To ensure safe administration of
the medication, how should the nurse administer the dose?
3
, 1.On an empty stomach
2.At the same time each evening
3.Evenly spaced around the clock
4.As needed when the client complains of depression
Ans>> 2. At the same time every evening
Sertraline is classified as an antidepressant. Sertraline generally is administered once every 24
hours. It may be administered in the morning or evening, but evening administration may be
preferable because drowsiness is a side effect. The medication may be administered without food
or with food if gastrointestinal distress occurs. Sertraline is not prescribed for use as needed.
The nurse teaches a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about storing Humulin N insulin.
Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understood the discharge teaching?
1."I should keep the insulin in the cabinet during the day only."
2."I know I have to keep my insulin in the refrigerator at all times."
4
PROVEN ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
100% (GRADE A+)
The nurse is reviewing medical record notes of a client with bladder cancer who is prescribed
concentrations of methotrexate followed by leucovorin (citrovorum factor, folic acid). The nurse
should include in the client's education which information about the anticipated therapeutic effect
of leucovorin?
1. "It promotes medication excretion."
2. "It will promote protein synthesis."
3. "It will help to preserve normal cells."
4. "It speeds up the effect of the methotrexate."
Ans>> 3. It will help preserve normal cells
The administration of leucovorin with methotrexate is known as leucovorin rescue. High
concentrations of methotrexate cause harm and damage to normal cells. Leucovorin bypasses the
metabolic block caused by methotrexate, thereby permitting normal cells to synthesize. Leucovorin
rescue is potentially hazardous because failure to administer leucovorin in the right dose at the
right time can be fatal.
1
,A topical corticosteroid is prescribed for an infant with dermatitis in the gluteal area. The nurse
provides instructions to the mother regarding the use of the medication. Which statement by the
mother indicates an understanding of the use of the medication?
1."I should not rub the medication into the skin."
2."The medication will help relieve the inflammation."
3."I need to apply the medication in a thick layer to protect the skin." 4."I should protect the area
by covering it with a diaper and plastic pants."
Ans>> 2. The medication will help relieve the inflammation
A topical corticosteroid will relieve inflammation. The mother should be advised not to apply a
tight-fitting diaper or plastic pants after applying the medication because these items will act as
an occlusive dressing. The use of occlusive dressings (bandages or plastic wraps) over the
affected site is avoided after application of the topical corticosteroid unless the health care
provider specifically prescribes this wound coverage. The medication is gently rubbed into the
skin after a thin layer is applied.
2
,A client is seen in the clinic for complaints of thirst, frequent urination, and headaches. After
diagnostic studies, diabetes insipidus is diagnosed. Desmopressin is prescribed. The client asks why
this medication was prescribed. Which is a correct statement by the nurse?
1."It relieves the headaches."
2."It increases water reabsorption."
3."It stimulates the production of aldosterone."
4."It decreases the production of the antidiuretic hormone."
Ans>> 2. It increases water reabsorption
Desmopressin is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. It
promotes renal conservation of water by acting on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase
the permeability to water, which results in increased water reabsorption. Desmopressin does not
relieve headaches, stimulate aldosterone, or decrease production of ADH.
A client's medication sheet contains a prescription for sertraline. To ensure safe administration of
the medication, how should the nurse administer the dose?
3
, 1.On an empty stomach
2.At the same time each evening
3.Evenly spaced around the clock
4.As needed when the client complains of depression
Ans>> 2. At the same time every evening
Sertraline is classified as an antidepressant. Sertraline generally is administered once every 24
hours. It may be administered in the morning or evening, but evening administration may be
preferable because drowsiness is a side effect. The medication may be administered without food
or with food if gastrointestinal distress occurs. Sertraline is not prescribed for use as needed.
The nurse teaches a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about storing Humulin N insulin.
Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understood the discharge teaching?
1."I should keep the insulin in the cabinet during the day only."
2."I know I have to keep my insulin in the refrigerator at all times."
4
