Quantitative Research Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 (Rated A+)

Quantitative Research Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 (Rated A+) Characteristics of quantitative research - Answers formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating information Types of quantitative research (least to most control) - Answers Descriptive Correlational Quasi-experimental Experimental Descriptive research - Answers exploration and description of real life situation identifies relationships large number of subjects natural setting (not lab) Correlational Research - Answers investigated relationships between variable Does not determine cause and effect determines strength and type of relationship (-1-+1) Quasi-Experimental Research - Answers Examines cause and effect not randomly selected all variables are not controlled Experimental Research - Answers Highly controlled, objective, systematic studies controlled manipulation of one or more variables Uses experimental and control groups Random assignment Basic research - Answers find out the truth for the sake of research findings not directly useful to practice Applied research - Answers solve real problems studies the effects the interventions may have on patients Research process - Answers knowledge of nursing world problem and purpose identification methodology (design, sample, measurement methods, data collection, data analysis) implementation Outcomes promotion of evidence based nursing practice Framework - Answers the abstract, linking the findings to nursing body of knowledge theory - Answers multiple concepts and statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict, or control phenomena Variables (abstract vs concrete) - Answers concepts that are measured, manipulated, or controlled in a study Abstract- creativity, empathy Concrete- temperature, weight conceptual - Answers gives meaning to a concept operational - Answers variable can be measure using this description Theoretical limitation - Answers restricts generalization of the findings and are reelected in the framework and definitions methodological limitations - Answers restrict the population to which the findings can be generalized population - Answers all elements that meet certain criteria for inclusion in study Ex: all children with cystic fibrosis sample - Answers a subset of the population that is selected for study Ex: children with CF in central PA reliability - Answers consistency of the tool validity - Answers accuracy content of research report - Answers abstract, intro, methods, results, discussion, reference list PICOT question - Answers P- Patient population I- Intervention C- Comparison O- Outcomes T- Time 4 levels of measurement - Answers nominal measurement - ordinal - interval - ratio obtained scores from an instrument consist of... - Answers true score (value from hypothetical perfect measurement) and error of measurement Reliability Deffinition - Answers Degree of consistency or accuracy with which an instrument measures an attribute...higher reliability automatically yields lower amount of error in obtained scores Reliability coefficient - Answers should be at least .7, but preferably greater than .8 stability - Answers aspect of reliability, which conerns the extent to which an instrument yields similar results on two administrations, is evaluated by test-retest procedures internal consistency - Answers refers to teh extent to which all teh instrument's items are measuring the same attribute, is usually assesed with Chronbach's alpha equivalence between ovservers or coders assigning scores - Answers estimates of interrater (or interobserver) reliability are obtained Validity deffinition - Answers degree to which an instrument measures what is it supposed to measure Content validity - concerns the sampling adequacy of the content being measured. - Answers CVI - indicates the extent of expert agreement, suggested to be .9 or higher for establishing excellence in a scales content validity. criterion related validity - Answers relationship between scores on an instrument and an external crierion. strong correlation means strong validity predictive validity - Answers say grades in high school turned into GPA for high school is used to determine performance in nursing school. This is predictive validity. construct validity - Answers an instruments adequcy in measuring the targeted construct, involves hypothesis-testing. known groups technique - Answers construct validation method - contrasts scores of groups hypothesized to differ on the attribute factor analysis - Answers construct validity method - statistical procedure that identifies items that "go together"