CRJ FINAL EXAM || 148 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE
Neoclassical Explanations of crime are rooted in _____________ - ANSWER-Economic
Thinking
Which of the following best reflects the Age of Reason, or the enlightenment -
ANSWER-A time when religious views began to give way to scientific explanations
Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position regarding punishment as a
deterrent to crime - ANSWER-It must be certain and swift
Positivsm suggests that - ANSWER-forces both outside and inside an individual might
affect his/her likelihood of breaking
Which of the following reflects what routine activities theory suggests is a lack of
guardianship - ANSWER-A child playing in a park alone
Which of the following best describes phrenology - ANSWER-it concerns the size an
shape of skull as measurement of criminality
Which of the following explanations suggests that for thousands of years certain favored
traits survived through natural selection - ANSWER-Evolutionary Biology
Which of the following is said to increase aggressiveness, risk taking, and impulsivity -
ANSWER-Testosterone
Individuals who experience early puberty often - ANSWER-act in anti-social ways
Which of the following best reflects modern psychoanalytical explanations of crime? -
ANSWER-Crime arises from internal disturbances developing in early childhood
Kohlebergs theory of ___________is an explanation pf the ability to distinguish right
from wrong and to determine the ethically correct course of action in complex cases -
ANSWER-Moral development
Which of the following is a common critique of psychological studies - ANSWER-
historically, they have often used small, unresponsive samples of offenders in prisons or
mental institutions
Durkheim emphasized two related mechanisms, ____________, by which society was
able to hold individual impulses in check - ANSWER-socialization and social ties
, According to Durkheim, which of the following best describes how anomie arises? -
ANSWER-When traditional norms become less applicable to new circumstances
In the 19030s, a new approach emerged that emphasized structural causes of crime
(the breakdown of communities) over moral failings, it is known as ____ - ANSWER-
Social disorganization
The revival of an ecological focus reflects the beleif of many scholars that kinds of
places matter more than ________ - ANSWER-kinds of people
which of the following considers law and crime the result of conflict among various kinds
of groups in society, not just economical classes - ANSWER-conflict theory
Many radical criminologists blame ____ for much of the crime the United Sates suffers -
ANSWER-capitalism
Which of the following predicts the girls and women will be treated more leniently than
boys and men? - ANSWER-Chivalry hypothesis
Who created general strain theory? - ANSWER-Robert Angew
Social processes such as ____ affect our chances of becoming or not becoming
criminal offenders - ANSWER-Peer influences, socialization, and social interaction
Which of the following best describes Sutherlands differential association - ANSWER-
Techniques of and attitudes regarding criminal behavior are learning within intimate
personal groups
According to Sutherland - ANSWER-A person becomes delinquent because of an
excess of definitions favorable to the violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the
violation of law
Which of the following best summarizes differential reinforcement - ANSWER-criminal
behavior and attitudes are more likely to be learned if they are rewarded by friends or
family
Which of the following is a neutralization technique - ANSWER-Denial of responsibility
Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that all crime stems from one problem :_____________,
which results from ineffective child rearing and lasts throughout life - ANSWER-the lack
of self control
Criminologists have begun tp pay attention to the onset and termination of antisocial
behavior, delinquency, and crime at different stages over the ___: infancy, childhood,
adolescence, - ANSWER-life course
AND ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE
Neoclassical Explanations of crime are rooted in _____________ - ANSWER-Economic
Thinking
Which of the following best reflects the Age of Reason, or the enlightenment -
ANSWER-A time when religious views began to give way to scientific explanations
Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position regarding punishment as a
deterrent to crime - ANSWER-It must be certain and swift
Positivsm suggests that - ANSWER-forces both outside and inside an individual might
affect his/her likelihood of breaking
Which of the following reflects what routine activities theory suggests is a lack of
guardianship - ANSWER-A child playing in a park alone
Which of the following best describes phrenology - ANSWER-it concerns the size an
shape of skull as measurement of criminality
Which of the following explanations suggests that for thousands of years certain favored
traits survived through natural selection - ANSWER-Evolutionary Biology
Which of the following is said to increase aggressiveness, risk taking, and impulsivity -
ANSWER-Testosterone
Individuals who experience early puberty often - ANSWER-act in anti-social ways
Which of the following best reflects modern psychoanalytical explanations of crime? -
ANSWER-Crime arises from internal disturbances developing in early childhood
Kohlebergs theory of ___________is an explanation pf the ability to distinguish right
from wrong and to determine the ethically correct course of action in complex cases -
ANSWER-Moral development
Which of the following is a common critique of psychological studies - ANSWER-
historically, they have often used small, unresponsive samples of offenders in prisons or
mental institutions
Durkheim emphasized two related mechanisms, ____________, by which society was
able to hold individual impulses in check - ANSWER-socialization and social ties
, According to Durkheim, which of the following best describes how anomie arises? -
ANSWER-When traditional norms become less applicable to new circumstances
In the 19030s, a new approach emerged that emphasized structural causes of crime
(the breakdown of communities) over moral failings, it is known as ____ - ANSWER-
Social disorganization
The revival of an ecological focus reflects the beleif of many scholars that kinds of
places matter more than ________ - ANSWER-kinds of people
which of the following considers law and crime the result of conflict among various kinds
of groups in society, not just economical classes - ANSWER-conflict theory
Many radical criminologists blame ____ for much of the crime the United Sates suffers -
ANSWER-capitalism
Which of the following predicts the girls and women will be treated more leniently than
boys and men? - ANSWER-Chivalry hypothesis
Who created general strain theory? - ANSWER-Robert Angew
Social processes such as ____ affect our chances of becoming or not becoming
criminal offenders - ANSWER-Peer influences, socialization, and social interaction
Which of the following best describes Sutherlands differential association - ANSWER-
Techniques of and attitudes regarding criminal behavior are learning within intimate
personal groups
According to Sutherland - ANSWER-A person becomes delinquent because of an
excess of definitions favorable to the violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the
violation of law
Which of the following best summarizes differential reinforcement - ANSWER-criminal
behavior and attitudes are more likely to be learned if they are rewarded by friends or
family
Which of the following is a neutralization technique - ANSWER-Denial of responsibility
Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that all crime stems from one problem :_____________,
which results from ineffective child rearing and lasts throughout life - ANSWER-the lack
of self control
Criminologists have begun tp pay attention to the onset and termination of antisocial
behavior, delinquency, and crime at different stages over the ___: infancy, childhood,
adolescence, - ANSWER-life course
