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PNUR104 Term Test 3 Study Guide.
Functions of the skin include: - Answer✔- protects underlying tissue
- regulated body temp
- sebum prevents heat and water loss from the skin and also kills bacteria
- transmits sensations
- produces and absorbs vitamin D
Risk factors for pressure ulcers - Answer✔- mechanical (friction & shearing force)
- immobility
- inadequate nutrition
- fecal and urinary incontinence
- decreased mental status (inability to respond to pain)
- diminished sensation
- excessive body heat
- advance age or aging process
- chronic medical conditions
Average daily output for adult - Answer✔1500mL (depends on input)
Urine output <30mL/hr - Answer✔minimal competency of heart and kidney function
Bladder norm - Answer✔400-600mL
Frequency norm - Answer✔5-7x/day
pH norm urine - Answer✔4-5-8; acidic <4.5; alkaline >8
Glucose norm urine - Answer✔Negative; if present may be a sign of diabetes
Blood norm urine - Answer✔Negative; if present may be a sign of UTI, kidney disease or
bleeding
Polyuria - Answer✔Increased amount of urine output
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oliguria - Answer✔Decreased amount of urine output
Frequency - Answer✔Increased voiding
nocturia - Answer✔urination at night
Urgency - Answer✔Must void immediately
Dysuria - Answer✔painful urination
Enuresis - Answer✔Involuntary voiding
Anura - Answer✔Absent of no urine output
Urinary incontinence - Answer✔Involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder control
Neurogenic bladder - Answer✔Patient does not know that the bladder is full and is unable to
control urination
Lack of rest - Answer✔Irritability, depression, fatigue and poor emotional control
lack of sleep - Answer✔Low physical endurance, fatigue, irritability, depression and apathy
Functions of sleep - Answer✔- critical for normal development, health function and healing
- restores normal levels of activity
- optimal immune function
- necessary for protein synthesis used in repair
NREM - Answer✔- deep sleep
- 3 stages
NREM stage 1 - Answer✔- lasts a few mins
- HR and RR decrease lightly
- easy to wake up
NREM stage 2 - Answer✔- BP and T lowers, slight decrease on pulse and RR
- 10-15 mins, about 44-55% of sleep
NREM stage 3 - Answer✔- deepest stage and difficult to arouse
- snoring
- Essential for healing
- decreased pulse and RR; skeletal muscles are relaxed
REM sleep - Answer✔- dreaming occurs
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PNUR104 Term Test 3 Study Guide.
Functions of the skin include: - Answer✔- protects underlying tissue
- regulated body temp
- sebum prevents heat and water loss from the skin and also kills bacteria
- transmits sensations
- produces and absorbs vitamin D
Risk factors for pressure ulcers - Answer✔- mechanical (friction & shearing force)
- immobility
- inadequate nutrition
- fecal and urinary incontinence
- decreased mental status (inability to respond to pain)
- diminished sensation
- excessive body heat
- advance age or aging process
- chronic medical conditions
Average daily output for adult - Answer✔1500mL (depends on input)
Urine output <30mL/hr - Answer✔minimal competency of heart and kidney function
Bladder norm - Answer✔400-600mL
Frequency norm - Answer✔5-7x/day
pH norm urine - Answer✔4-5-8; acidic <4.5; alkaline >8
Glucose norm urine - Answer✔Negative; if present may be a sign of diabetes
Blood norm urine - Answer✔Negative; if present may be a sign of UTI, kidney disease or
bleeding
Polyuria - Answer✔Increased amount of urine output
1|Page
, © EVERLY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
oliguria - Answer✔Decreased amount of urine output
Frequency - Answer✔Increased voiding
nocturia - Answer✔urination at night
Urgency - Answer✔Must void immediately
Dysuria - Answer✔painful urination
Enuresis - Answer✔Involuntary voiding
Anura - Answer✔Absent of no urine output
Urinary incontinence - Answer✔Involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder control
Neurogenic bladder - Answer✔Patient does not know that the bladder is full and is unable to
control urination
Lack of rest - Answer✔Irritability, depression, fatigue and poor emotional control
lack of sleep - Answer✔Low physical endurance, fatigue, irritability, depression and apathy
Functions of sleep - Answer✔- critical for normal development, health function and healing
- restores normal levels of activity
- optimal immune function
- necessary for protein synthesis used in repair
NREM - Answer✔- deep sleep
- 3 stages
NREM stage 1 - Answer✔- lasts a few mins
- HR and RR decrease lightly
- easy to wake up
NREM stage 2 - Answer✔- BP and T lowers, slight decrease on pulse and RR
- 10-15 mins, about 44-55% of sleep
NREM stage 3 - Answer✔- deepest stage and difficult to arouse
- snoring
- Essential for healing
- decreased pulse and RR; skeletal muscles are relaxed
REM sleep - Answer✔- dreaming occurs
2|Page
