NURS 1016 – Midterm With 130 Questions and answers With complete solution

NURS 1016 – Midterm With 130
Questions and answers With complete
solution
Define Health - Correct Answers Objective process characterized by functional stability,
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balance, and integrity.
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WHO (World Health Organization, 1947) - defined health as "a state of complete physical,
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mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
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What is Labonte (1993)'s multidimensional conceptualization of health? - Correct Answers
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Reflects both actualization and stability prespectives.
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Physical/Social/Mental = Wellbeing I I



Depicts concepts of *holism* - whereby health is more than the sum of the component parts
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in that the interrelationships between and among different components result in different
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aspects of health
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What is health as stability? - Correct Answers maintenance of physiological, functional,
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and social norms, and as it relates to concepts of *adaptation and homeostasis*
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What is health as actualization? - Correct Answers the actualization of *human potential*
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(usually interchangeable with *wellness*)
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What is health as actualization and stability? - Correct Answers both concepts are
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incorporated into the definition, "the actualization of inherent and acquired human potential
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through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care and satisfying relationships with
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others, while making adjustments as needed to maintain structural integrity and harmony
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with relevant environments"
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Health is one of the "metaparadigm" concepts along with... - Correct Answers person,
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environment, nursing, and social justice.
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Define Wellness - Correct Answers subjective experience
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Define Disease - Correct Answers *Objective* state of ill health, the pathological process
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of which can be detected by medical science; Condition of abnormal vital function involving
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any structure, part or system of an organism
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Define Illness - Correct Answers *Subjective experience of loss of health*; An abnormal
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process in which aspects of the social, physical, emotional or intellectual condition +
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function of a person are diminished or impaired, compared with the person's previous
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condition
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,What are determinants of health? - Correct Answers Income + social status, social support
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networks, education + literacy, employment + working conditions, physical environments,
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biological + genetic endowment, individual health practices + coping skills, healthy child
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development, health services, gender, culture, social enviornments
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What is the largest group of health professionals in Canada? - Correct Answers As the
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largest group of health professionals in Canada, *nurses* have the power to promote and
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lobby for equity in the health-care system.
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What is health promotion? - Correct Answers is "directed towards *increasing the level of
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I well-being and self-actualization* " I I I




What is disease prevention? - Correct Answers is "action to avoid illness/disease"
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The Lalonde Report is significant in that it was the first to emphasize __________ approach
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to health - Correct Answers behavioural
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From a socioenvironmental perspective, the major determinants of health are
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___________ and ______________ - Correct Answers psychosocial risk factors and
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socioenvironmental risk conditons
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Which one of the following statements does *not* accurately characterize health
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promotion?
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a) Health promotion addresses health issues within the context of the social, economic, and
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political environment
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b) Health promotion emphasizes empowerment
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c) Health promotion strategies focus primarily on helping people develop healthy
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behaviours
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d) Health promotion is political - Correct Answers c) Health promotion strategies focus
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primarily on helping people develop healthy behaviours
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The belief that health is primarily an individual responsibility is most congruent with the
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___________ approach to health - Correct Answers Behavioural
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What are the most influential health determinants? - Correct Answers Income and social
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status
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Health promotion activities are aimed at:
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a) Providing protection against disease
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b) Increasing the level of well being
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c) Avoiding injury or illness
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d) Teaching clients to live with their limitations - Correct Answers b) Increasing the level of
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well being
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, What are the 3 levels of disease prevention? - Correct Answers *PRIMARY
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PREVENTION*
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♣ Protects against a disease *before signs and symptoms occur*
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♣ Ex. Immunization, reducing risk factors
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*SECONDARY PREVENTION* I



♣ Promote *early detection* of disease once pathogenesis has occurred, so that prompt
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treatment can be imitated to halt disease and limit disability
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♣ Ex. Preventative cancer screening
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*TERTIARY PREVENTION* I



♣ Initiated in the convalescence stage of disease and are directed toward *minimizing
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residual disability* and helping people to live productively without limitations
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♣ Ex. Cardiac rehabilitation program after myocardial infection
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What is Primary Health Care? (PHC) - Correct Answers Is the foundation of Canada's
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health care system, providing an *entry point of contact* into the health care system, as well
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as the vehicle for *continuity of care*.
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Focuses on the way services are delivered and *emphasizes that people should be at the
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centre of health care*.
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PHC extends beyond PC to include health education, nutrition, maternal and child health
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care, family planning, immunizations and control of locally endemic diseases.
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What is Primary Care? (PC) - Correct Answers Focuses on *personal health services*.
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Primary care is the *first level of care* and usually a person's first point of contact with the
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health-care system. Primary care is typically seen as *very clinical*, driven by the provider.
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Based in diagnosis and treatment and focused on the individual.
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What is Level 1 of Care - Correct Answers *HEALTH PROMOTION* - promotive
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■ Focuses on "enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health"
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■ Services & activities designed to *improve or maintain health status*
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■ Ex. Provision of wellness services, antismoking education, promotion of self-esteem in
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children and adolescents
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What is Level 2 of Care - Correct Answers *DISEASE AND INJURY PREVENTION* -
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preventative
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■ Illness prevention services to help clients, families, and communities *reduce risk factors*
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for disease and injury
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■ Prevention strategies include clinical actions (screening, immunization), behavioural
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aspects (lifestyle changes), and environmental actions (societal pressure for healthy
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environment)
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What is Level 3 of Care - Correct Answers *DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT* - curative
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■ Recognizing and managing clients' existing health problems
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