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SPHU 3600 EXAM 2 Study Guide.
Gestational Age - Answers✔age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the first day of an
expectant mother's last menstrual cycle
Fetal Age - Answers✔actual age of the baby, number of weeks since conception
What are the three periods of the first trimester? - Answers✔Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal
Weeks 1-2 - Answers✔Germinal Period
Germinal Period - Answers✔- zigote --> blastocyst
- from fertilization to implantation in the uterus
Weeks 3-8 - Answers✔Embryonic Period
Embryonic Period - Answers✔- blastocyst divides rapidly
- heart starts beating by week 5
- by end, all essential body structures are formed (ie. lung, liver, brain, pancreas, etc)
Weeks 9-10 - Answers✔Fetal Period
Fetal Period - Answers✔- face is developing
- eyelids close
- fingernails and external genitalia developing
When does the second trimester happen? - Answers✔weeks 11-25
First Part of 2nd Trimester - Answers✔- kidneys are formed and make urine
- digestive system
- translucent skin
- sucking reflex
Second Part of 2nd Semester - Answers✔- nervous system matures
- begins to hear sounds
- baby gaining fat
1
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- external genitalia are visible, 2nd trimester ultrasound
When is the third trimester? - Answers✔26-38 weeks
3rd Trimester: 26-31 weeks - Answers✔- bones hardening (except skull)
- breating
- kicking starts
- eyes open
3rd Trimester: 32-36 weeks - Answers✔- body fat increases
- skin becomes pink and smooth
- CNS developed, baby can survive outside the womb
- starts positioning in head-down position
3rd Trimester: 37-38 weeks - Answers✔- fat being added on body
- final lung development
- full term at 38 weeks
Fetal Breathing - Answers✔practice diaphragm movements
Fetal Swallowing - Answers✔regulate amount of amniotic fluid
Thumb-sucking - Answers✔necessary for post-natal feeding and self soothing
Startle/Moro Reflex - Answers✔sudden movement/noise causes fetus to reflexively fling out
arms and legs
Yawning and Hip cupping - Answers✔signs of good health
Fetal Development - Genetic disorders - Answers✔- single gene (cystic fibrosis, sickle cell, Tay-
Sachs)
- chromosomal
- epigenetic
Fetal Development - Teratogenic disorders - Answers✔smoking, alcohol, medications/drugs,
environmental toxins
Effects of teratogens - Answers✔cleft lip, spina bifida, fetal alcohol syndrome
Teratogen - Answers✔any factor that can cause a birth defect
2
SPHU 3600 EXAM 2 Study Guide.
Gestational Age - Answers✔age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the first day of an
expectant mother's last menstrual cycle
Fetal Age - Answers✔actual age of the baby, number of weeks since conception
What are the three periods of the first trimester? - Answers✔Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal
Weeks 1-2 - Answers✔Germinal Period
Germinal Period - Answers✔- zigote --> blastocyst
- from fertilization to implantation in the uterus
Weeks 3-8 - Answers✔Embryonic Period
Embryonic Period - Answers✔- blastocyst divides rapidly
- heart starts beating by week 5
- by end, all essential body structures are formed (ie. lung, liver, brain, pancreas, etc)
Weeks 9-10 - Answers✔Fetal Period
Fetal Period - Answers✔- face is developing
- eyelids close
- fingernails and external genitalia developing
When does the second trimester happen? - Answers✔weeks 11-25
First Part of 2nd Trimester - Answers✔- kidneys are formed and make urine
- digestive system
- translucent skin
- sucking reflex
Second Part of 2nd Semester - Answers✔- nervous system matures
- begins to hear sounds
- baby gaining fat
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
- external genitalia are visible, 2nd trimester ultrasound
When is the third trimester? - Answers✔26-38 weeks
3rd Trimester: 26-31 weeks - Answers✔- bones hardening (except skull)
- breating
- kicking starts
- eyes open
3rd Trimester: 32-36 weeks - Answers✔- body fat increases
- skin becomes pink and smooth
- CNS developed, baby can survive outside the womb
- starts positioning in head-down position
3rd Trimester: 37-38 weeks - Answers✔- fat being added on body
- final lung development
- full term at 38 weeks
Fetal Breathing - Answers✔practice diaphragm movements
Fetal Swallowing - Answers✔regulate amount of amniotic fluid
Thumb-sucking - Answers✔necessary for post-natal feeding and self soothing
Startle/Moro Reflex - Answers✔sudden movement/noise causes fetus to reflexively fling out
arms and legs
Yawning and Hip cupping - Answers✔signs of good health
Fetal Development - Genetic disorders - Answers✔- single gene (cystic fibrosis, sickle cell, Tay-
Sachs)
- chromosomal
- epigenetic
Fetal Development - Teratogenic disorders - Answers✔smoking, alcohol, medications/drugs,
environmental toxins
Effects of teratogens - Answers✔cleft lip, spina bifida, fetal alcohol syndrome
Teratogen - Answers✔any factor that can cause a birth defect
2
