SPAUD 505 final study questions with
complete solutions
Types of research: Basic - correct answer ✔✔Develop knowledge, modifies existing theory
Types of research: Applied - correct answer ✔✔Solve a problem
Types of research: Laboratory - correct answer ✔✔Contrived setting, controlled factors
Types of research: Field - correct answer ✔✔Everyday setting/observe behavior
Types of research: Hybrid - correct answer ✔✔lab set up like fields, allows for more control of
observations
Types of research: Experimental - correct answer ✔✔Most reliable for establishing cause + effect
1. randomization
2. control selection of variables
(independent variables have to be active and controllable)
Types of research: Quasi experimental - correct answer ✔✔may have control group, variable not
controlled by researcher (used to prove tX efficacy)
Types of research: non-experimental - correct answer ✔✔descriptive research-
developmental trends, establishing relationship, btw variables, good for providing information
Types of research data: qualitative - correct answer ✔✔descriptive, how they feel
Types of research data: quantitative - correct answer ✔✔objective, numeric on a scale of 1-5
,Types of research: mixed - correct answer ✔✔provides both quantitative and qualitative
Variables in research are either _____ or _______. - correct answer ✔✔active or attribute
Independent variable - correct answer ✔✔causes/impacts change in the dependent variable
dependent variable - correct answer ✔✔presumed effect the behavior that is changed(typically have
more than 1)
active independent - correct answer ✔✔can be manipulated and usually is experimental
attribute independent - correct answer ✔✔can NOT be manipulated and usually is descriptive
continuous variable - correct answer ✔✔range of variable, rank ordered
categorical variable - correct answer ✔✔can be categorized or named cannot be rank ordered
EBP type sources: Primary - correct answer ✔✔thesis, dissertation, peer-reviewed, journal articles
(best most reliable sources of information for learning about a topic)
EBP type sources: Secondary - correct answer ✔✔textbook
(good for introducing a topic)
EBP type sources: Tertiary - correct answer ✔✔brochures, wikipedia
(into from multiple sources-broad overview, reaches greater audience)
EBP triangle - correct answer ✔✔best research evidence, patient values, clinical expertise
,EBP Diamond - correct answer ✔✔external evidence, client/patient caregiver perspective, clinical
expertise, internal evidence (data informed evaluation of client performance)
What are the 4 steps of Evidence Based Practice? - correct answer ✔✔1. Frame research question
2. gather evidence
3, assess evidence
4. make clinical decision
frame. gather, assess, make
What are 3 conditions for inferring causality? - correct answer ✔✔1. experimental condition occurs
2. Observable change
3. no other variable can account for the change
Scientific characteristics - correct answer ✔✔Objective 1. Hast to be objective-> without bias
Public 2. accessible to the public->
Repeat+Replicate3. Repeatable +Replicable-> need to be able to repeat +observe simliar observations
If A, then B means - correct answer ✔✔Cause and effect
Determining cause and effect - correct answer ✔✔there needs to be certain criteria, there could just be
an association of the variables rather than actual cause+ effect
3 conditions for inferring causality - correct answer ✔✔1. The variable has to occur before the change,
not after
2. observable change
3. no other variable can account for the change
5 steps of scientific research - correct answer ✔✔1. statement of the problem
2. formating hypothesis
, 3. develop method
4. results of investigation
5. discuss results + conclusion
4 categorization of research - correct answer ✔✔Basic, Applied, Laboratory, Field
Basic Research - correct answer ✔✔knowledge, develop new knowledge, or modify existing theories
Applied Research - correct answer ✔✔Solving clinical or social problem, clinically relative questions
Laboratory Research - correct answer ✔✔Contrived setting with control of a lot of factors
Field Research - correct answer ✔✔Everyday settings (home, school, etc), observe behavior occur in
natural environment
5 components of an introduction section - correct answer ✔✔General statement of the problem
Rationale
Review of literature
Research questions
Hypotheses
General statement of the problem - correct answer ✔✔topic, orients the reader, and lends perspective
to the nature of the study
Rationale - correct answer ✔✔why is it important to look into, purpose of study
ROL stands for - correct answer ✔✔review of literature
Historical/contextual perspective
complete solutions
Types of research: Basic - correct answer ✔✔Develop knowledge, modifies existing theory
Types of research: Applied - correct answer ✔✔Solve a problem
Types of research: Laboratory - correct answer ✔✔Contrived setting, controlled factors
Types of research: Field - correct answer ✔✔Everyday setting/observe behavior
Types of research: Hybrid - correct answer ✔✔lab set up like fields, allows for more control of
observations
Types of research: Experimental - correct answer ✔✔Most reliable for establishing cause + effect
1. randomization
2. control selection of variables
(independent variables have to be active and controllable)
Types of research: Quasi experimental - correct answer ✔✔may have control group, variable not
controlled by researcher (used to prove tX efficacy)
Types of research: non-experimental - correct answer ✔✔descriptive research-
developmental trends, establishing relationship, btw variables, good for providing information
Types of research data: qualitative - correct answer ✔✔descriptive, how they feel
Types of research data: quantitative - correct answer ✔✔objective, numeric on a scale of 1-5
,Types of research: mixed - correct answer ✔✔provides both quantitative and qualitative
Variables in research are either _____ or _______. - correct answer ✔✔active or attribute
Independent variable - correct answer ✔✔causes/impacts change in the dependent variable
dependent variable - correct answer ✔✔presumed effect the behavior that is changed(typically have
more than 1)
active independent - correct answer ✔✔can be manipulated and usually is experimental
attribute independent - correct answer ✔✔can NOT be manipulated and usually is descriptive
continuous variable - correct answer ✔✔range of variable, rank ordered
categorical variable - correct answer ✔✔can be categorized or named cannot be rank ordered
EBP type sources: Primary - correct answer ✔✔thesis, dissertation, peer-reviewed, journal articles
(best most reliable sources of information for learning about a topic)
EBP type sources: Secondary - correct answer ✔✔textbook
(good for introducing a topic)
EBP type sources: Tertiary - correct answer ✔✔brochures, wikipedia
(into from multiple sources-broad overview, reaches greater audience)
EBP triangle - correct answer ✔✔best research evidence, patient values, clinical expertise
,EBP Diamond - correct answer ✔✔external evidence, client/patient caregiver perspective, clinical
expertise, internal evidence (data informed evaluation of client performance)
What are the 4 steps of Evidence Based Practice? - correct answer ✔✔1. Frame research question
2. gather evidence
3, assess evidence
4. make clinical decision
frame. gather, assess, make
What are 3 conditions for inferring causality? - correct answer ✔✔1. experimental condition occurs
2. Observable change
3. no other variable can account for the change
Scientific characteristics - correct answer ✔✔Objective 1. Hast to be objective-> without bias
Public 2. accessible to the public->
Repeat+Replicate3. Repeatable +Replicable-> need to be able to repeat +observe simliar observations
If A, then B means - correct answer ✔✔Cause and effect
Determining cause and effect - correct answer ✔✔there needs to be certain criteria, there could just be
an association of the variables rather than actual cause+ effect
3 conditions for inferring causality - correct answer ✔✔1. The variable has to occur before the change,
not after
2. observable change
3. no other variable can account for the change
5 steps of scientific research - correct answer ✔✔1. statement of the problem
2. formating hypothesis
, 3. develop method
4. results of investigation
5. discuss results + conclusion
4 categorization of research - correct answer ✔✔Basic, Applied, Laboratory, Field
Basic Research - correct answer ✔✔knowledge, develop new knowledge, or modify existing theories
Applied Research - correct answer ✔✔Solving clinical or social problem, clinically relative questions
Laboratory Research - correct answer ✔✔Contrived setting with control of a lot of factors
Field Research - correct answer ✔✔Everyday settings (home, school, etc), observe behavior occur in
natural environment
5 components of an introduction section - correct answer ✔✔General statement of the problem
Rationale
Review of literature
Research questions
Hypotheses
General statement of the problem - correct answer ✔✔topic, orients the reader, and lends perspective
to the nature of the study
Rationale - correct answer ✔✔why is it important to look into, purpose of study
ROL stands for - correct answer ✔✔review of literature
Historical/contextual perspective
