GMS6121 Vaccines Test with Questions Solved
100% Correct _Verified Answer
What are some issues of vaccines?
-Breadth of coverage of the pathogen
-Antigenic drift and shift
-Function of target antigens
-Autoimmunity issues
What are some ethical issues of vaccines?
-Cost vs. benefit to society and individuals
-Letting others take risks but relying on the benefits
-Urban legends, myths, quackery, anecdotes
-Societal standards
What is the DTaP vaccine?
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine
given to infants and children via injection
How is diphtheria prevented in DTaP vaccine?
-diphtheria toxin toxoid
-elicits IgG antibodies to neutralized toxin in blood before it reaches systemic targets
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming - could induce sIgA against bacteria adhesions to better prevent colonization
How is tetanus prevented in the DTaP vaccine?
- tetanus toxin toxoid
-elicit IgG antibodies to neutralize toxin in blood before it reaches systemic targets
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming - induce IgG against cellular antigens to help fight the infection itself in tissues
How is pertussis prevented in the DTaP vaccine?
-pertussin toxin toxoid + filamentous hemagglutinin + pertactin +/- fimbriae
-elicit IgG antibodies to neutralized toxin in blood before it reaches systemic targets and elicit
antibodies to adhesins
-efficacy - not very good (85% initially, but wanes)
-shortcoming - should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization, but
injection does not do this very well
, What is the Hib vaccine?
...hemophilus influenza stereotype b
HIB diseases are meningitis,epiglottis is , pneumonia, arthritis, cellulitis,
Give the HIB vaccine to people with sickle cell immunocompromised or patients without a
spleen
How does the Hib vaccine work?
-type b capsule coupled to tetanus toxoid or Neisseria meningitides protein
-elicit IgG antibodies against antiphagocytic capsule to opsonize/lyse the bacteria and elicit IgG
to other pathogens
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming - should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization
How does the Neisseria meningitis work?
Childhood/adult meningitis, sepsis
-Mixture of 4 capsule types +/- coupled to genetic toxoid of diphtheria toxin
-elicit IgG antibodies against antiphagocytic capsule to opsonize/lyse the bacteria
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming-should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization
How does the streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine work?
Childhood/adult meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia
-Mixtures of: 7 or 13 capsule types coupled to genetic toxoid of diphtheria toxin, 23 capsule
types not conjugated
-elicit IgG antibodies against antiphagocytic capsule to opsonize the bacteria in the alveoli
and/or blog
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming-should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization
How does the mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine work?
Not given in U.S., but is given around the world.
-Live/attenuated Mycobacterium bovid strain (BCG) injected, usually to children
-elicit Th1 cell mediated immunity to activate macrophages to kill the intracellular pathogen
-efficacy - ok in children, not good in adults
-shortcoming - should not be given to immunocompromised, need a more effective vaccine for
adults
100% Correct _Verified Answer
What are some issues of vaccines?
-Breadth of coverage of the pathogen
-Antigenic drift and shift
-Function of target antigens
-Autoimmunity issues
What are some ethical issues of vaccines?
-Cost vs. benefit to society and individuals
-Letting others take risks but relying on the benefits
-Urban legends, myths, quackery, anecdotes
-Societal standards
What is the DTaP vaccine?
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine
given to infants and children via injection
How is diphtheria prevented in DTaP vaccine?
-diphtheria toxin toxoid
-elicits IgG antibodies to neutralized toxin in blood before it reaches systemic targets
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming - could induce sIgA against bacteria adhesions to better prevent colonization
How is tetanus prevented in the DTaP vaccine?
- tetanus toxin toxoid
-elicit IgG antibodies to neutralize toxin in blood before it reaches systemic targets
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming - induce IgG against cellular antigens to help fight the infection itself in tissues
How is pertussis prevented in the DTaP vaccine?
-pertussin toxin toxoid + filamentous hemagglutinin + pertactin +/- fimbriae
-elicit IgG antibodies to neutralized toxin in blood before it reaches systemic targets and elicit
antibodies to adhesins
-efficacy - not very good (85% initially, but wanes)
-shortcoming - should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization, but
injection does not do this very well
, What is the Hib vaccine?
...hemophilus influenza stereotype b
HIB diseases are meningitis,epiglottis is , pneumonia, arthritis, cellulitis,
Give the HIB vaccine to people with sickle cell immunocompromised or patients without a
spleen
How does the Hib vaccine work?
-type b capsule coupled to tetanus toxoid or Neisseria meningitides protein
-elicit IgG antibodies against antiphagocytic capsule to opsonize/lyse the bacteria and elicit IgG
to other pathogens
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming - should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization
How does the Neisseria meningitis work?
Childhood/adult meningitis, sepsis
-Mixture of 4 capsule types +/- coupled to genetic toxoid of diphtheria toxin
-elicit IgG antibodies against antiphagocytic capsule to opsonize/lyse the bacteria
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming-should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization
How does the streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine work?
Childhood/adult meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia
-Mixtures of: 7 or 13 capsule types coupled to genetic toxoid of diphtheria toxin, 23 capsule
types not conjugated
-elicit IgG antibodies against antiphagocytic capsule to opsonize the bacteria in the alveoli
and/or blog
-efficacy - excellent
-shortcoming-should induce sIgA against adhesions to better prevent colonization
How does the mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine work?
Not given in U.S., but is given around the world.
-Live/attenuated Mycobacterium bovid strain (BCG) injected, usually to children
-elicit Th1 cell mediated immunity to activate macrophages to kill the intracellular pathogen
-efficacy - ok in children, not good in adults
-shortcoming - should not be given to immunocompromised, need a more effective vaccine for
adults
