©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NUTR*3330 Exam Questions With Verified
Answers
What was the goal of traditional nutrient intake recommendations? - Answers✔Prevent nutrient
deficiencies
What are the two key sub-committees of DRIs? - Answers✔1. Upper reference levels of nutrients
2. Interpretation and uses of DRIs
What is the structure of the DRI organizations involved? - Answers✔1. Standing committee on
the Scientific Evaluation of DRIs + two sub committees
2. Expert nutrient review panels
3. Organizations involved (FNB of the IOM, Health Canada)
What are the 4 DRIs? - Answers✔EAR, RDA, AI, UL
What are the DRIs used for? - Answers✔1. Planning
2. Assessing
- consider more than preventing deficiencies
What is EAR (estimated average requirement)? - Answers✔Daily nutrient intake value that is
estimated to meet the requirement of HALF of healthy individuals
- used for planning with groups
- used for assuming in individuals and groups
What is RDA (recommended dietary allowance)? - Answers✔Average daily dietary intake level
that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97.5%) of healthy individuals
- used for planning for individuals
What is AL (adequate intake)? - Answers✔Recommended daily intake value based on observed
or experimentally determined approximations of nutrient intake (when EAR and RDA cannot be
determined)
- used for planning for individuals (RDA doesn't exist) and group (EAR doesn't exist)
1
, ©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- used for assessment for individuals and groups (EAR doesn't exist)
What is UL (tolerable upper intake level)? - Answers✔The highest level of daily nutrient intake
that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general
population. As intake increases about the UL, the risk of adverse effects increases.
- NOT recommended level of intake
- can be used for planning and assessment
What are some of the issues with DRIs? - Answers✔1. Estimates apply to healthy people
2. Estimates reflect usual daily intakes (need to account for variability)
3. Each DRI reference number serves a unique purpose
4. All used in planning and assessments of groups or individuals
5. Subject to review as evidence evolves
What are phytochemicals? - Answers✔- chemicals found in plants
- generally non-nutritive substances
- proposed to contribute towards disease-prevention
- flavonoids, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, glucosinolates
What are plant polyphenols? - Answers✔- naturally occurring compounds found in plants
- contribute to pigmentation, growth, reproduction and provide resistance to pathogens and
predators
What are the 4 classes of plant polyphenols? - Answers✔1. Phenolic acids
2. Flavonoids
3. Stilbenes
4. Lignans
What influences the amount of polyphenols in plants? - Answers✔- light, genetic factors,
environmental conditions, degree of ripeness, variety, processing, storage
Why were polyphenols traditionally considered "anti-nutrients"? - Answers✔they can interfere
with bioavailability.
- macronutrients: bind to protein to reduce absorption
- micronutrients: form complexes with minerals and may decrease absorption
2
, ©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What are flavonoids? - Answers✔- most common group of polyphenols
- enhance the function of vitamin C, improving absorption and protecting it from oxidation
- ubiquitous; present in most plants
- structural variation: C ring determines the major class of flavonoid
What are the 6 major subclasses of flavonoids? - Answers✔1. Flavones
2. Flavonols
3. Flavonones
4. Flavanols (most abundant)
5. Anthocyanins
6. Isoflacones
- based on variations in the c-ring
What is the flavonoid distribution in plants? - Answers✔- located mainly in the leaves, flowers,
and outer parts of the plant (skin, peel)
- decreased concentrations toward the central core
- only trace amounts below the soil surface
Why does flavonoid content vary? - Answers✔- crop year, genetic variation, light amount,
degree of ripeness
What is the flavonoid database? - Answers✔USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of
Selected Foods
- inventory of the flavonoid content of foods
What are flavonoid glycosides? - Answers✔- flavonoids are typically attached/conjugated to a
carbohydrate in the food matrix (glycoside)
YES = flavonoid glycoside
NO = flavonoid aglycone
- majority of flavonoids in plants are glycosides
What is flavonoids bioavailability? - Answers✔- glycosides can be metabolized to aglycones and
absorbed
- relationship between dietary intake and a biological marker is complex
3
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NUTR*3330 Exam Questions With Verified
Answers
What was the goal of traditional nutrient intake recommendations? - Answers✔Prevent nutrient
deficiencies
What are the two key sub-committees of DRIs? - Answers✔1. Upper reference levels of nutrients
2. Interpretation and uses of DRIs
What is the structure of the DRI organizations involved? - Answers✔1. Standing committee on
the Scientific Evaluation of DRIs + two sub committees
2. Expert nutrient review panels
3. Organizations involved (FNB of the IOM, Health Canada)
What are the 4 DRIs? - Answers✔EAR, RDA, AI, UL
What are the DRIs used for? - Answers✔1. Planning
2. Assessing
- consider more than preventing deficiencies
What is EAR (estimated average requirement)? - Answers✔Daily nutrient intake value that is
estimated to meet the requirement of HALF of healthy individuals
- used for planning with groups
- used for assuming in individuals and groups
What is RDA (recommended dietary allowance)? - Answers✔Average daily dietary intake level
that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97.5%) of healthy individuals
- used for planning for individuals
What is AL (adequate intake)? - Answers✔Recommended daily intake value based on observed
or experimentally determined approximations of nutrient intake (when EAR and RDA cannot be
determined)
- used for planning for individuals (RDA doesn't exist) and group (EAR doesn't exist)
1
, ©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- used for assessment for individuals and groups (EAR doesn't exist)
What is UL (tolerable upper intake level)? - Answers✔The highest level of daily nutrient intake
that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general
population. As intake increases about the UL, the risk of adverse effects increases.
- NOT recommended level of intake
- can be used for planning and assessment
What are some of the issues with DRIs? - Answers✔1. Estimates apply to healthy people
2. Estimates reflect usual daily intakes (need to account for variability)
3. Each DRI reference number serves a unique purpose
4. All used in planning and assessments of groups or individuals
5. Subject to review as evidence evolves
What are phytochemicals? - Answers✔- chemicals found in plants
- generally non-nutritive substances
- proposed to contribute towards disease-prevention
- flavonoids, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, glucosinolates
What are plant polyphenols? - Answers✔- naturally occurring compounds found in plants
- contribute to pigmentation, growth, reproduction and provide resistance to pathogens and
predators
What are the 4 classes of plant polyphenols? - Answers✔1. Phenolic acids
2. Flavonoids
3. Stilbenes
4. Lignans
What influences the amount of polyphenols in plants? - Answers✔- light, genetic factors,
environmental conditions, degree of ripeness, variety, processing, storage
Why were polyphenols traditionally considered "anti-nutrients"? - Answers✔they can interfere
with bioavailability.
- macronutrients: bind to protein to reduce absorption
- micronutrients: form complexes with minerals and may decrease absorption
2
, ©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What are flavonoids? - Answers✔- most common group of polyphenols
- enhance the function of vitamin C, improving absorption and protecting it from oxidation
- ubiquitous; present in most plants
- structural variation: C ring determines the major class of flavonoid
What are the 6 major subclasses of flavonoids? - Answers✔1. Flavones
2. Flavonols
3. Flavonones
4. Flavanols (most abundant)
5. Anthocyanins
6. Isoflacones
- based on variations in the c-ring
What is the flavonoid distribution in plants? - Answers✔- located mainly in the leaves, flowers,
and outer parts of the plant (skin, peel)
- decreased concentrations toward the central core
- only trace amounts below the soil surface
Why does flavonoid content vary? - Answers✔- crop year, genetic variation, light amount,
degree of ripeness
What is the flavonoid database? - Answers✔USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of
Selected Foods
- inventory of the flavonoid content of foods
What are flavonoid glycosides? - Answers✔- flavonoids are typically attached/conjugated to a
carbohydrate in the food matrix (glycoside)
YES = flavonoid glycoside
NO = flavonoid aglycone
- majority of flavonoids in plants are glycosides
What is flavonoids bioavailability? - Answers✔- glycosides can be metabolized to aglycones and
absorbed
- relationship between dietary intake and a biological marker is complex
3
