HIEU 2031- Final Exam Questions and
Answers
Pausanias - Answer-A Spartan commander of the Hellenic League after the Persian War around 470's
BC. He showed Spartan favoritism and treated other allies poorly and acted like a Persian. As a result,
the Greeks approached the Athenians to assume leadership of the naval force. This was the beginning of
tensions b/t Athenians and Spartans that led to the Peloponnesian War.
Eurymedon River - Answer-located in Southern Asia Minor. It is the place where Cimon's Athenian
forces badly beat Persian forces in 466/7 BC. The victory here threatened the Delian League and
encouraged defections and probably played a role in the revolt on the island of Thasos b/c Thasos
wondered why pay tribute to a League against Persia when they aren't a threat anymore.
Delian League - Answer-An alliance led by Athens that began in 477 BC designed to fight the Persians,
however this league led to the creation of an Athenian Empire. Athens growing power causes tensions
with Sparta and leads to the Peloponnesian War
Thasos - Answer-It's an island located off of Thrace. In 465 BC, it revolted against the Athenians over
arguments about the mines of Thrace. The revolt was put down and from then on Thasians were force
to pay their tribute to the Delian league in money rather than in ships. This conversion of tribute
,payments from ships to money sent the message that Athens was converting the naval alliance into an
empire. End of Cimon's rule b/c he was suspected of having taken bribes from the Thracians.
Carystus - Answer-Located in Southwest Euboea. In the 470s BC, the Athenians and their allies sailed
against them and compelled the city to join the Delian League. This event demonstrated that Athens
ruled the sea and was converting the naval alliance into an empire.
Piraeus - Answer-The port of Athens. It was protected by Long Walls, built in 459 BC, making the whole
town impossible to besiege by land which helped defend themselves against the Corinthian invasion.
Cimon, son of Miltiades - Answer-An Athenian who led the Delian League with Aristides. He had pro-
Spartan views and in the 460's he led an expedition to help Spartan put down a revolt. However, this
expedition ended up harming relations b/t Athens and Sparta, Cimon was ostracized which left room
open for democracy to flourish in Athens. In 451, he returns to Athens and makes peace with the
Peloponnesian. Dies in 450, which leads to Peace of Callias in 449.
Ephialtes - Answer-An Athenian who led a coalition against Cimon in the 460's BC. He wanted to break
with Sparta and further the growth of democracy. He is significant because he led many democratic
reforms, like diminishing the power of the Council of Areopagus, within Athens before his assassination.
Aristides - Answer-An Athenian who led the Delian League with Cimon. He was responsible for assessing
each states appropriate contribution to the League treasury, created in 477 BC. His role demonstrated
the important concept of "money+ships=power" that allowed for the growing power of Athens during
this time.
Naxos - Answer-An island in the Delian League. In 467 BC, they decided that they wanted to leave the
league, the Athenians forcibly prevented its withdraw, confiscated its fleet and ordered them
henceforth to pay their tribute in money rather than ships. This conversion of tribute payment marked
the conversion from a naval alliance to an Athenian empire.
Athenian Tribute Lists - Answer-It showed tribute payments made by city-states toward the Delian
League, created in 477 BC. It was significant because it demonstrated the concept of
"money+ships=power" that was important to the growing power of the Athenians.
, Mt. Ithome - Answer-In 462 BC, the helots revolted in Sparta and created a stronghold on this
mountain. The Spartans appealed for help from the Athenians. However, Athenian behavior bothered
the Spartans and they dismissed them home, which made Athenians angry and caused tensions in the
harmony between the Greek States that would eventually lead to the first Peloponnesian War. Cimon
advocated for assisting the Spartans in the first place, so reason he was ostracized in 461.
Delos - Answer-Island in the Aegean. It was the location of the treasury of the Delian League. In 454 BC,
the treasury was moved to Athens with the claim that Delos was vulnerable to Pirates and Persians,
however, it was really a plot to demonstrate Athenian supremacy.
cleruchy - Answer-They were the colonies that were in effect part of Athenian territory, unlike other
colonies which were autonomous and independent of the mother country. One was created in Scyros by
Cimon in 476 BC. Athens would enslave the pirates and their families, and established a colony where
inhabitants retained their Athenian citizenship. Each cleric was granted a legos adequate to maintain
him in zeugetai (the 3rd class). Served double function of providing an outlet for the disaffected and
potentially dangerous poor, and discourage rebellion from Athens. It demonstrated the Athenians rising
power to moved from a naval alliance to an empire.
Acropolis - Answer-Hill in a city, protected on a fortified citadel from which lookouts could see far into
distance. Spiritual focus of Athens. Persian invasion of 480 BC destroyed the monuments and statues,
rubble was used during Pericles' construction, funded by Delian League.
Pindar - Answer-A lyric poet in the 6th-century before the rise of democracy. His work celebrated the
value and achievements of aristocrats. He took the stance that merit was inherited and that men of
worth spring from illustrious families that can trace their origins to divine ancestors. His work was often
quotes by Plato in his speculations about the highest human virtue. (522-443 BC)
Aristophanes - Answer-A comic dramatist born in 444 BC. He wrote comedies such as The Birds, The
Wasps, and the Clouds, in which the intellectuals of Athens are derided as teaching a corrosive rhetoric
that made a mockery of decent values. He was one of the critics of the sophist teachings
Answers
Pausanias - Answer-A Spartan commander of the Hellenic League after the Persian War around 470's
BC. He showed Spartan favoritism and treated other allies poorly and acted like a Persian. As a result,
the Greeks approached the Athenians to assume leadership of the naval force. This was the beginning of
tensions b/t Athenians and Spartans that led to the Peloponnesian War.
Eurymedon River - Answer-located in Southern Asia Minor. It is the place where Cimon's Athenian
forces badly beat Persian forces in 466/7 BC. The victory here threatened the Delian League and
encouraged defections and probably played a role in the revolt on the island of Thasos b/c Thasos
wondered why pay tribute to a League against Persia when they aren't a threat anymore.
Delian League - Answer-An alliance led by Athens that began in 477 BC designed to fight the Persians,
however this league led to the creation of an Athenian Empire. Athens growing power causes tensions
with Sparta and leads to the Peloponnesian War
Thasos - Answer-It's an island located off of Thrace. In 465 BC, it revolted against the Athenians over
arguments about the mines of Thrace. The revolt was put down and from then on Thasians were force
to pay their tribute to the Delian league in money rather than in ships. This conversion of tribute
,payments from ships to money sent the message that Athens was converting the naval alliance into an
empire. End of Cimon's rule b/c he was suspected of having taken bribes from the Thracians.
Carystus - Answer-Located in Southwest Euboea. In the 470s BC, the Athenians and their allies sailed
against them and compelled the city to join the Delian League. This event demonstrated that Athens
ruled the sea and was converting the naval alliance into an empire.
Piraeus - Answer-The port of Athens. It was protected by Long Walls, built in 459 BC, making the whole
town impossible to besiege by land which helped defend themselves against the Corinthian invasion.
Cimon, son of Miltiades - Answer-An Athenian who led the Delian League with Aristides. He had pro-
Spartan views and in the 460's he led an expedition to help Spartan put down a revolt. However, this
expedition ended up harming relations b/t Athens and Sparta, Cimon was ostracized which left room
open for democracy to flourish in Athens. In 451, he returns to Athens and makes peace with the
Peloponnesian. Dies in 450, which leads to Peace of Callias in 449.
Ephialtes - Answer-An Athenian who led a coalition against Cimon in the 460's BC. He wanted to break
with Sparta and further the growth of democracy. He is significant because he led many democratic
reforms, like diminishing the power of the Council of Areopagus, within Athens before his assassination.
Aristides - Answer-An Athenian who led the Delian League with Cimon. He was responsible for assessing
each states appropriate contribution to the League treasury, created in 477 BC. His role demonstrated
the important concept of "money+ships=power" that allowed for the growing power of Athens during
this time.
Naxos - Answer-An island in the Delian League. In 467 BC, they decided that they wanted to leave the
league, the Athenians forcibly prevented its withdraw, confiscated its fleet and ordered them
henceforth to pay their tribute in money rather than ships. This conversion of tribute payment marked
the conversion from a naval alliance to an Athenian empire.
Athenian Tribute Lists - Answer-It showed tribute payments made by city-states toward the Delian
League, created in 477 BC. It was significant because it demonstrated the concept of
"money+ships=power" that was important to the growing power of the Athenians.
, Mt. Ithome - Answer-In 462 BC, the helots revolted in Sparta and created a stronghold on this
mountain. The Spartans appealed for help from the Athenians. However, Athenian behavior bothered
the Spartans and they dismissed them home, which made Athenians angry and caused tensions in the
harmony between the Greek States that would eventually lead to the first Peloponnesian War. Cimon
advocated for assisting the Spartans in the first place, so reason he was ostracized in 461.
Delos - Answer-Island in the Aegean. It was the location of the treasury of the Delian League. In 454 BC,
the treasury was moved to Athens with the claim that Delos was vulnerable to Pirates and Persians,
however, it was really a plot to demonstrate Athenian supremacy.
cleruchy - Answer-They were the colonies that were in effect part of Athenian territory, unlike other
colonies which were autonomous and independent of the mother country. One was created in Scyros by
Cimon in 476 BC. Athens would enslave the pirates and their families, and established a colony where
inhabitants retained their Athenian citizenship. Each cleric was granted a legos adequate to maintain
him in zeugetai (the 3rd class). Served double function of providing an outlet for the disaffected and
potentially dangerous poor, and discourage rebellion from Athens. It demonstrated the Athenians rising
power to moved from a naval alliance to an empire.
Acropolis - Answer-Hill in a city, protected on a fortified citadel from which lookouts could see far into
distance. Spiritual focus of Athens. Persian invasion of 480 BC destroyed the monuments and statues,
rubble was used during Pericles' construction, funded by Delian League.
Pindar - Answer-A lyric poet in the 6th-century before the rise of democracy. His work celebrated the
value and achievements of aristocrats. He took the stance that merit was inherited and that men of
worth spring from illustrious families that can trace their origins to divine ancestors. His work was often
quotes by Plato in his speculations about the highest human virtue. (522-443 BC)
Aristophanes - Answer-A comic dramatist born in 444 BC. He wrote comedies such as The Birds, The
Wasps, and the Clouds, in which the intellectuals of Athens are derided as teaching a corrosive rhetoric
that made a mockery of decent values. He was one of the critics of the sophist teachings
