CJ 101 Exam 2 Study Guide questions
with verified answers
Presumption |of |Innocence |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔(the |burden |of |proof |is |on |the |one |who |declares,
|not |on |one |who |denies), |is |the |principle |that |one |is |considered |innocent |unless |proven |guilty.
U.S |Supreme |court |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔1 |Chief |justice |5 |associate |justices |final |arbiter |for |
federal |law |in |the |US |constitution. |One |decision |is |made |it |cannot |be |reviewed |by |any |other |courts.
Courtroom |workgroup |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔The |people |who |work |in |and |around |courthouses. |
The |term |"workgroup" |is |used |because |these |people |are |employed |by |different |organizations. |
Memberships |also |change |often, |usually |from |one |case |to |another.
Judges |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔The |individuals |who |are |considered |neutral |figures |in |the |courtroom
|workgroup. |They |make |a |number |of |decisions |ranging |from |issuance |of |warrants |to |sentencing |
defendants.
Prosecutors |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Attorneys |who |represent |the |state |against |the |accused |in |
criminal |cases |and |are |responsible |for |charging |defendants |and |presenting |evidence |of |their |guilt.
Defense |Attorneys |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Attorneys |with |the |job |of |defending |the |accused |against |
prosecution |by |the |government.
Bail |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |system |requiring |a |guarantee |by |defendants |to |return |for |court |
dates. |Judges |decide |whether |defendants |must |pay |a |certain |amount |of |money |to |be |released |prior |
to |trial |or |must |be |detained |due |to |flight |risk, |public |safety |risk, |and |so |forth.
Grand |Jury |Hearings |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |proceeding |in |which |citizens |asses |a |prosecutor's |
evidence |in |order |to |determine |if |there |is |enough |evidence |to |proceed |to |trial.
, Arraignment |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Stage |of |a |criminal |case |where |defendants |are |required |to |
enter |pleas |to |the |formal |charges |against |them, |usually |after |a |preliminary |hearing |or |a |grand |jury |
hearing.
Plea |Agreements |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔An |agreement |between |the |prosecutor |and |defense |
attorney, |approved |by |the |judge, |in |which |a |defendant |pleads |guilty |to |a |charge |in |hopes |of |lenient |
treatment.
Bench |Trials |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |trial |without |a |jury, |in |which |a |judge |hears |the |evidence |and
|renders |a |verdict |in |a |criminal |case.
Venire |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |group |of |individuals |called |for |jury |duty. |After |receiving |a |
summons |in |the |mail, |these |individuals |must |report |to |court |for |jury |selection.
Voir |Dire |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔The |questioning |of |potential |jurors |during |jury |selection |to |screen |
out |those |who |may |not |be |appropriate |(for |example, |those |who |may |be |biased |against |the |defendant
|or |who |may |be |relatives |of |the |victims)
Challenge |for |Cause |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |method |of |removing |jurors |during |jury |selection |for |a
|legally |prescribed |cause |(for |instance, |being |a |relative |of |the |victim).
Peremptory |Challenge |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |method |of |removing |jurors |from |the |jury |pool |in |
which |the |prosecutors |of |defense |attorneys |do |not |specify |reasons |for |the |removal.
Burden |of |Proof |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Level |of |proof |needed |to |find |a |defendant |guilty |of |a |
crime, |to |issue |search |warrants, |and |so |forth |( |for |example, |to |obtain |a |conviction, |a |prosecutor |must
|prove |his |or |her |case |" |beyond |a |reasonable |doubt").
Indeterminate |Sentencing |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |sentencing |scheme |that |is |characterized |by |a |
range |of |punishments; |the |exact |amount |of |time |served |is |determined |by |the |parole |board.
Determinate |Sentencing |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Also |referred |to |as |"flat" |or |"fixed" |sentences, |
results |in |a |defendant |knowing |how |long |his |or |her |sentence |will |be |when |a |judge |imposes |it.
with verified answers
Presumption |of |Innocence |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔(the |burden |of |proof |is |on |the |one |who |declares,
|not |on |one |who |denies), |is |the |principle |that |one |is |considered |innocent |unless |proven |guilty.
U.S |Supreme |court |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔1 |Chief |justice |5 |associate |justices |final |arbiter |for |
federal |law |in |the |US |constitution. |One |decision |is |made |it |cannot |be |reviewed |by |any |other |courts.
Courtroom |workgroup |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔The |people |who |work |in |and |around |courthouses. |
The |term |"workgroup" |is |used |because |these |people |are |employed |by |different |organizations. |
Memberships |also |change |often, |usually |from |one |case |to |another.
Judges |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔The |individuals |who |are |considered |neutral |figures |in |the |courtroom
|workgroup. |They |make |a |number |of |decisions |ranging |from |issuance |of |warrants |to |sentencing |
defendants.
Prosecutors |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Attorneys |who |represent |the |state |against |the |accused |in |
criminal |cases |and |are |responsible |for |charging |defendants |and |presenting |evidence |of |their |guilt.
Defense |Attorneys |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Attorneys |with |the |job |of |defending |the |accused |against |
prosecution |by |the |government.
Bail |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |system |requiring |a |guarantee |by |defendants |to |return |for |court |
dates. |Judges |decide |whether |defendants |must |pay |a |certain |amount |of |money |to |be |released |prior |
to |trial |or |must |be |detained |due |to |flight |risk, |public |safety |risk, |and |so |forth.
Grand |Jury |Hearings |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |proceeding |in |which |citizens |asses |a |prosecutor's |
evidence |in |order |to |determine |if |there |is |enough |evidence |to |proceed |to |trial.
, Arraignment |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Stage |of |a |criminal |case |where |defendants |are |required |to |
enter |pleas |to |the |formal |charges |against |them, |usually |after |a |preliminary |hearing |or |a |grand |jury |
hearing.
Plea |Agreements |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔An |agreement |between |the |prosecutor |and |defense |
attorney, |approved |by |the |judge, |in |which |a |defendant |pleads |guilty |to |a |charge |in |hopes |of |lenient |
treatment.
Bench |Trials |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |trial |without |a |jury, |in |which |a |judge |hears |the |evidence |and
|renders |a |verdict |in |a |criminal |case.
Venire |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |group |of |individuals |called |for |jury |duty. |After |receiving |a |
summons |in |the |mail, |these |individuals |must |report |to |court |for |jury |selection.
Voir |Dire |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔The |questioning |of |potential |jurors |during |jury |selection |to |screen |
out |those |who |may |not |be |appropriate |(for |example, |those |who |may |be |biased |against |the |defendant
|or |who |may |be |relatives |of |the |victims)
Challenge |for |Cause |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |method |of |removing |jurors |during |jury |selection |for |a
|legally |prescribed |cause |(for |instance, |being |a |relative |of |the |victim).
Peremptory |Challenge |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |method |of |removing |jurors |from |the |jury |pool |in |
which |the |prosecutors |of |defense |attorneys |do |not |specify |reasons |for |the |removal.
Burden |of |Proof |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Level |of |proof |needed |to |find |a |defendant |guilty |of |a |
crime, |to |issue |search |warrants, |and |so |forth |( |for |example, |to |obtain |a |conviction, |a |prosecutor |must
|prove |his |or |her |case |" |beyond |a |reasonable |doubt").
Indeterminate |Sentencing |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔A |sentencing |scheme |that |is |characterized |by |a |
range |of |punishments; |the |exact |amount |of |time |served |is |determined |by |the |parole |board.
Determinate |Sentencing |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Also |referred |to |as |"flat" |or |"fixed" |sentences, |
results |in |a |defendant |knowing |how |long |his |or |her |sentence |will |be |when |a |judge |imposes |it.
