Anthro 2B Final (Egan)

ANTHRO 2B FINAL (EGAN)

macro-evolutionoo-ooans--evolutionooaboveootheoospeciesoolevel

micro-evolutionoo-ooans--evolutionoobelowootheoospeciesoolevel

speciationoo-ooans--
occursoowhenoooneoospeciesoosplitsoointoootwo,oowhichooinvolvesooaooreproductiveooisolat
ingoomechanism

exampleooofooreproductiveooisolationoobutooNOToospeciationoo-ooans--
leopardoofrogsooinooFloridaoovs.ooMaine,oocanoostillooreproduceoobutoojustoocan'toobecause
ootheyooareooisolated;oogeneooflowoocanoohappen


extrinsicooisolatingoomechanismoo-ooans--
factorsooproducingoogeographicooisolationoowhichoophysicallyooseparatesooindividualsoo(e
x:oomovementooofootectonicooplates;oomountains)

Intrinsic/ooPre-zygoticoo-ooans--
noooaoophysicaloobarrierooseparation;oothisooisolatingoomechanismoopreventsoospermoofro
moomeetingooegg;oopreventsoozygoteoofromooeverooforming

exampleooofoopre-zygoticooisolatingoomechanismoo-ooans--
differentoopineootreeoospeciesooproduceoopollenooatoodifferentootimesooofootheooyear

post-zygoticoo-ooans--
aoozygoteooformsoobutoomightoohaveooaoomutationoothatoowilloocauseooitootooodieooafter

examplesooofoopost-zygoticooisolatingoomechansimoo-ooans--
infantoocanoobeoobornoobutooisoosickooandoodies;ootheooresultantoooffspringooisoosterile!

fundamentalooprincipleooofoonaturalooselectionoo-ooans--
rateooofooevolutionaryoochangeooisoodirectlyooproportionalootoootheoodegreeooofoovariability
ooinootheoopopulation


corollaryoonaturalooselectionooprincipleoo-ooans--
fateooofooallooevolutionaryoolineagesooisooextinction;oo99.9%ooofooalloolineagesooeverooexis
tingooonooEarthoowentooextinct

anagenesisoo-ooans--
changeooinooaoospeciesoooverooaoolongooperiodooofootime;oosupportsoogradualismootheoryo
oofooevolutionaryoochange

, cladogenesisoo-ooans--
suddenoosplitooresultsooinooformationooofoo2oospeciesoofromoo1oospecies;oosupportsoopunc
tuatedootheoryooofooevolutionaryoochange

phyleticoogradualsimoo-ooans--
emphasizesooanagenesis;ooslowoochangeoooverootimeoothatooleadsootoooformationooofooao
onewoospecies


punctuatedooequilibriumoo-ooans--
emphasizesoocladogenesis;ooevolutionaryoochangeoofromoosuddenoospeciationooevents

adaptiveooradiationoo-ooans--
rapidooexpansionoo&oodiversificationooofooaoogroupooofooorganismsooasootheyooadaptootooo
aoonewlyooavailableooecologicaloospace;ooinvolvesoorapidoospeciation/
cladogenesis;oooccursoofromoonewoochangesoothatooopenooupoopotentialoonewoohabitatsoo
toooaoogroupooofooorganisms

whatootypeooofootheoryooofooevolutionaryoochangeoodoesooaoophylogeneticootreeoomodel?
oo-ooans--theoopunctuatedooequilibriumootheoryooofooevolutionaryoochange


exampleooofooadaptiveooradiationoo-ooans--
SouthooAmericanoofinchoogoesootoooGalapagosooIslandsoo(speciesoowithooHIGHooadaptiv
eoopotentialooinvadesooaoonewoolocal)

anotherooexampleooofooadaptiveooradiationoo-ooans--
mutationsooproduceoomajorooadaptiveooshiftoosuchooasootheooevolutionooofootheooamniotic
ooegg;oomutationsoogiveooyouooaoonewoowayooofoousingooanooenvironmentoothatoonooooneo
oelseoohas


generalizedoo-ooans--
speciesooableootoooexploitooaoowideoorangeooofooecologicaloospace;ooaoojackooofooallootrad
esooandooaceooofoonone

specializedoo-ooans--speciesooareoospecializedootoooaoonarrowlyoodefinedooeco-
niche;ooaceooofoooneootrade

generalizedoovs.oospecializedoospeciesoo-ooans--
generalizedoospeciesootendootooostartooadaptiveooradiationooandoohaveoomoreoopotentialoo
tooosurvive/adapt;oowhenoospeciesoospecialize,oocompetitionoocanoocauseoospeciation

evolutionaryoohomologyoo-ooans--
usefuloosimilarity;oosimilaritiesooinoostructuresoodueootoooCOMMONooANCESTRY;ootheiroo
similaroostructuresoohaveooDIFFERENToofunctions