MICR 1113 Exam #1 Study Guide
Questions and Answers
Pathogenicity - Answer-The ability of a microorganism to cause disease.
Virulence - Answer-The degree of a microorganism's pathogenicity.
Virulence factors - Answer-Traits of a microorganism that specifically allow it to cause disease.
Atom - Answer-The basic unit of all matter. Comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Proton - Answer-Positively charged particles located in the atom's nucleus. Determine what the
element is and the atomic number.
Neutron - Answer-Particles located in the atom's nucleus. Do not contain a charge. Usually equal to the
number of protons. Increased or decreased numbers form isotopes. Determine atomic mass.
Electrons - Answer-Negatively charged particles circling the nucleus. Determine chemical reactivity of an
atom. Participate in chemical reactions of atoms.
, Atomic number - Answer-The number of protons an element contains. Determines what the element is.
Atomic mass - Answer-The sum of the protons and neutrons in an element.
Hydrolysis - Answer-Chemical reaction; molecule is broken down into separate parts when water is
added.
Dehydration - Answer-Chemical reaction; two separate molecules are joined and water is released.
The element changes - Answer-What happens when the number of protons is changed?
The element stays the same; an isotope forms - Answer-What happens when the number of neutrons is
changed?
The element stays the same; polar charged ion forms. - Answer-What happens when the number of
electrons is changed?
Anion - Answer-Ion formed when an atom gains an electron. Produces a negative charge.
Cation - Answer-Ion formed when an atom loses an electron. Produces a positive charge.
Ionic bond - Answer-Bond formed between cations/anions due to attraction between charges.
(Opposite charges attract) Produces a salt. Ordered, crystalline structure. Atom gains or loses an
electron.
Hydrogen bonds - Answer-Bond formed when the positive hydrogen atom of a polar molecule is
attracted to the electronegative atom of a polar molecule. Weak, short-lived bond that breaks without
chemical assistance. Gives water special properties.
Questions and Answers
Pathogenicity - Answer-The ability of a microorganism to cause disease.
Virulence - Answer-The degree of a microorganism's pathogenicity.
Virulence factors - Answer-Traits of a microorganism that specifically allow it to cause disease.
Atom - Answer-The basic unit of all matter. Comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Proton - Answer-Positively charged particles located in the atom's nucleus. Determine what the
element is and the atomic number.
Neutron - Answer-Particles located in the atom's nucleus. Do not contain a charge. Usually equal to the
number of protons. Increased or decreased numbers form isotopes. Determine atomic mass.
Electrons - Answer-Negatively charged particles circling the nucleus. Determine chemical reactivity of an
atom. Participate in chemical reactions of atoms.
, Atomic number - Answer-The number of protons an element contains. Determines what the element is.
Atomic mass - Answer-The sum of the protons and neutrons in an element.
Hydrolysis - Answer-Chemical reaction; molecule is broken down into separate parts when water is
added.
Dehydration - Answer-Chemical reaction; two separate molecules are joined and water is released.
The element changes - Answer-What happens when the number of protons is changed?
The element stays the same; an isotope forms - Answer-What happens when the number of neutrons is
changed?
The element stays the same; polar charged ion forms. - Answer-What happens when the number of
electrons is changed?
Anion - Answer-Ion formed when an atom gains an electron. Produces a negative charge.
Cation - Answer-Ion formed when an atom loses an electron. Produces a positive charge.
Ionic bond - Answer-Bond formed between cations/anions due to attraction between charges.
(Opposite charges attract) Produces a salt. Ordered, crystalline structure. Atom gains or loses an
electron.
Hydrogen bonds - Answer-Bond formed when the positive hydrogen atom of a polar molecule is
attracted to the electronegative atom of a polar molecule. Weak, short-lived bond that breaks without
chemical assistance. Gives water special properties.
