Med Surg 170 Exam 3 Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed)

Med Surg 170 Exam 3 Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed) What is Diabetes Type 1 - Answers The body does not produce insulin Risk factors of Diabetes Type 1 - Answers Family HX Genetics Under 30 in age issues w beta cells (produce insulin) usually not obese ABRUPT onset hypertension high cholesterol/triglycerides post viral infection Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes type 1 - Answers hyperglycemia polyuria polydipsia polyphagia weight LOSS SYMPTOMS ARE PRONOUNCED DIAGNOSTICS for DIABETES - Answers Fasting blood sugar (FBS) Random blood sugar A1C Interventions for DIABETES type 1 - Answers insulin diet monitor Blood Sugar sick day rules maintain a1c at 7% or lower pre meal blood sugar (70-130) peak after meal blood sugar (less than 180) sick day rules - Answers 1. Monitor blood sugar frequently 2. Increase fluids Patient Teaching for Diabetes Type 1 - Answers foot care nutrition dont excerice when insulin is at its peak no exercise if ketones present in urine Foot care for diabetic pts - Answers cotton socks shoes with plenty of room no soaking trim toe nails straight across wash/dry daily lotion on feet (NOT between toes) no sandals or flip flops Nutrition for the diabetic pt - Answers carb counting 25+ g of fiber complex carbs, monounsaturated fats avoid empty cals w simple sugars What is Diabetes Type 2 - Answers insulin resistance Risk factors Diabetes type 2 - Answers weigth family hx inactivty age 50 and up obestiy INSIDIOUS ONSET hx of gestational diabetes certain cultures( AA, NA, Asian A, Hispanic, PI) can have some dysfunction in beta cells signs and symptoms of Diabetes type 2 - Answers hyperglycemia polyuria polydipsia polyphagia weight GAIN SYMPTOMS ARE NOT ALWAYS OBVIOUS Interventions for Diabetes type 2 - Answers Diet insulin oral meds Blood sugar monitoring Meds for DIABETES type 2 - Answers SULFONYUREAS ( triggers release of more insulin) MEGLITINIDE (increases meal-related insulin secretion) <PRANDIN> BIGUANIDES (tells liver to produce or absorb less glucose) <GLUCOPHAGE> T2Ds (not used if cardiovascular disease) Pt teaching for Diabetes type 2 - Answers foot care nutrition wound healing exercise prevents DM2 don't exercise when ketones in urine or insulin is at its peak Alpha cells - Answers secrete glucagon (prevent hypoglycemia) Beta cells - Answers produce insulin and secrete amylin (prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA) Rapid Acting INSULIN - Answers BOLUS ONSET: 5-15 min PEAK: 1 HOUR given right before meal, during meal or 20 min after Types of rapid acting insulin - Answers human lispro (humalog) insulin aspart ( novolog) Insulin glulisine (apiora) Short Acting Insulin - Answers SQ or IV (only kind of insulin) ONSET: 30-60min PEAK: 2-4 hours Duration: 5-7 hours SLIDING SCALE used to treat DKA in emergencies Types of Short Acting Insulin - Answers Regular Human Insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) Intermediate acting insulin - Answers ONSET: 1-2 hours PEAK: 4-12 hours DURATION: 18-24 hours given between meals, snacks may be ordered for pt to prevent hypoglycemia types of intermidiate - Answers NPH (humulin N, Norolin N) long acting insulin - Answers ONSET: 2-4 hours PEAK: relatively constant slow release DURATION: 24 hours