1. Sergey Charapov, a trapeze artist, arrived at the hospital by ambulance
following a serious stage accident at a Las Vegas show. There was severe
damage to his spleen, and bleeding in the abdominal cavity was documented. An
emergency splenectomy was performed to prevent further hemorrhaging, a
potentially life-threatening complication of splenic rupture. Which of the following
recommendations is Sergey likely to receive from his attending physician?
a. Lifelong administration of low-dose prophylactic antibiotics, and higher
doses when dental or invasive surgical procedures are performed in the future
b. Immunization against encapsulated pneumococcal, meningococcal, and
Haemophilus influenzae type B bacteria
c. Bone marrow transplantation to replace the lymphocytes lost with the white
pulp of the removed spleen
d. Transplantation of a compatible, healthy spleen
2. Following a significant bacterial infection, which of the following mechanisms
most likely allowed for rapid immune response by tagging the pathogen for
destruction?
a. Release of cytokines by CD4+ cells
b. Activation of the classical pathway via antigen-antibody binding
c. C3b binding to the pathogen surface in the alternative pathway
d. Presentation of antigens on MHC II to CD8+ cells
3. In a patient with a deficiency in mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which
component of the immune system’s response to pathogens would likely be
compromised?
a. Activation of the classical pathway of complement
b. Phagocytosis by macrophages
c. Formation of the C3 convertase via the lectin pathway
d. Activation of natural killer (NK) cells
4. Which of the following best describes a potential consequence of a CD8+ T-cell
failing to receive co-stimulation during its encounter with an antigen-presenting
cell?
Page 1 of 15
, a. Immediate differentiation into a memory T-cell
b. Induction of anergy, making the cell unable to respond to future antigens
c. Uncontrolled proliferation of CD8+ T-cells
d. Activation of cytokine release to stimulate macrophages
5. An individual with a genetic mutation preventing MHC I expression on cell
surfaces would likely experience which of the following issues?
a. Inability to activate CD4+ T-helper cells
b. Increased susceptibility to extracellular bacterial infections
c. Reduced cytotoxic T-cell response to intracellular pathogens
d. Enhanced B-cell activation against viral infections
6. During a parasitic infection, which type of T-helper cell differentiation is most
advantageous for optimal immune response?
a. Th1 cells, which activate macrophages
b. Th2 cells, which enhance B-cell responses against parasites
c. Th17 cells, which recruit neutrophils
d. Tfh cells, which induce high-affinity antibody production
7. A patient with impaired Toll-like receptor (TLR) function would most likely
exhibit deficiencies in which immune processes?
a. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells
b. Activation of adaptive immune cells through cytokine production
c. Direct phagocytosis of pathogens by B cells
d. Regulation of self-reactive T-cells in the thymus
8. If a person is unable to produce IL-2, what outcome might occur in terms of
their immune system's ability to combat infections?
Page 2 of 15
following a serious stage accident at a Las Vegas show. There was severe
damage to his spleen, and bleeding in the abdominal cavity was documented. An
emergency splenectomy was performed to prevent further hemorrhaging, a
potentially life-threatening complication of splenic rupture. Which of the following
recommendations is Sergey likely to receive from his attending physician?
a. Lifelong administration of low-dose prophylactic antibiotics, and higher
doses when dental or invasive surgical procedures are performed in the future
b. Immunization against encapsulated pneumococcal, meningococcal, and
Haemophilus influenzae type B bacteria
c. Bone marrow transplantation to replace the lymphocytes lost with the white
pulp of the removed spleen
d. Transplantation of a compatible, healthy spleen
2. Following a significant bacterial infection, which of the following mechanisms
most likely allowed for rapid immune response by tagging the pathogen for
destruction?
a. Release of cytokines by CD4+ cells
b. Activation of the classical pathway via antigen-antibody binding
c. C3b binding to the pathogen surface in the alternative pathway
d. Presentation of antigens on MHC II to CD8+ cells
3. In a patient with a deficiency in mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which
component of the immune system’s response to pathogens would likely be
compromised?
a. Activation of the classical pathway of complement
b. Phagocytosis by macrophages
c. Formation of the C3 convertase via the lectin pathway
d. Activation of natural killer (NK) cells
4. Which of the following best describes a potential consequence of a CD8+ T-cell
failing to receive co-stimulation during its encounter with an antigen-presenting
cell?
Page 1 of 15
, a. Immediate differentiation into a memory T-cell
b. Induction of anergy, making the cell unable to respond to future antigens
c. Uncontrolled proliferation of CD8+ T-cells
d. Activation of cytokine release to stimulate macrophages
5. An individual with a genetic mutation preventing MHC I expression on cell
surfaces would likely experience which of the following issues?
a. Inability to activate CD4+ T-helper cells
b. Increased susceptibility to extracellular bacterial infections
c. Reduced cytotoxic T-cell response to intracellular pathogens
d. Enhanced B-cell activation against viral infections
6. During a parasitic infection, which type of T-helper cell differentiation is most
advantageous for optimal immune response?
a. Th1 cells, which activate macrophages
b. Th2 cells, which enhance B-cell responses against parasites
c. Th17 cells, which recruit neutrophils
d. Tfh cells, which induce high-affinity antibody production
7. A patient with impaired Toll-like receptor (TLR) function would most likely
exhibit deficiencies in which immune processes?
a. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells
b. Activation of adaptive immune cells through cytokine production
c. Direct phagocytosis of pathogens by B cells
d. Regulation of self-reactive T-cells in the thymus
8. If a person is unable to produce IL-2, what outcome might occur in terms of
their immune system's ability to combat infections?
Page 2 of 15
