DLM(ASCP) EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 230 REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE (FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT,
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, QUALITY
MANAGEMENT)
Adam's Equity Theory - ANSWER-Workers compare the reward potential to the effort they must
expend. Workers also consider rewards of others. Equity exists when workers perceive that the reward
equals the efforts. (motivation theory that focuses on behavior) Theory calls for a fair balance to be
struck between an employee's inputs (hard work, skill level, tolerance, enthusiasm, and so on) and an
employee's outputs (salary, benefits, intangibles such as recognition,and so on).
Skinner's Reinforcement Theory - ANSWER-Theory that proposes that through the consequences of
their behavior, employees will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.
scheduling - ANSWER-names of persons who will work at specific times. match people working lab
with current workload requirements.
four approaches to measuring performance - ANSWER-1. result oriented approach (quality
assessment and improvement)
2. behavior oriented (tools rate worker against)
3. skill oriented (measure traits and skills of worker)
4. peer comparison
force choice method - ANSWER-group of predertermined descriptions select statements that best
match employee.
scored by third party
critical incident method - ANSWER-method of performance measurement based on managers'
records of specific examples of the employee acting in ways that are either effective or ineffective
,Behaviorly Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) - ANSWER-numeric rating scale (1-7) with behavioral
category critical to the success of the job
mixed standard scale - ANSWER-method of performance measurement that uses several statements
describing each trait to produce a final score for that trait
peer comparison - ANSWER-used to identify candidates for promotion, staff reduction and merit pay
or recognition programs
performance judgement issues - ANSWER-rater biases, avoid favoritism, errors of leniency, halo effect,
regency phenomenon.
Quality Control (QC) - ANSWER-quantitative statistical methods that focus on the final product,
defined by standards set by the producer.
controls are processed periodically to make sure that the procedure is within control limits
Quality Assurance (QA) - ANSWER-defined by the success of total organization not just individual
components of system in achieving patient care. focuses on monitoring of outcomes and indicators of
care.
QA Monitoring Process - ANSWER-assign responsibility for QA
plan define scope of patient care identify important aspects of
care construct indicators define threshold for evaluation collect
and organize data evaluate data develop corrective action plan
assess action
document improvement
communicate relevant info
,Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous quality improvement (CQI) - ANSWER-emphasis on
satisfying the needs of the customer. focuses on identifying and troubleshooting problems that might
occur at each stage of production
quality assessment and improvement (QA & I) - ANSWER-introduced by JCAHO. incorporates QA and
TQM/CQI. quality is continuous process of improving the system.
accuracy - ANSWER-closeness of a result to the actual value of an analytic when performing a test.
"hitting bulls eye"
precision - ANSWER-how well a procedure reproduces a value
population - ANSWER-items that are being studied at a particular time
sample - ANSWER-a part of a population that is used to analyze the characteristics of that population
(size of 30 is satisfactory). select at random to avoid bias
Gaussian distribution - ANSWER-Normal or bell-shaped distribution of values symmetrically clustered
around the mean
+/- 1 SD - ANSWER-68% of data lie within this range
+/- 2 SD - ANSWER-95% of data lie within this range
+/- 3 SD - ANSWER-99.7% of data
probability - ANSWER-expressed as a decimal according to the likelihood of an event occurring nearer
to O the less likely it is to occur. can be converted to a percentage
, mean - ANSWER-the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then
dividing by the number of scores
median - ANSWER-the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
Standard Deviation (SD) - ANSWER-measurement of precision or tendency of values in population to
cluster, center, or scater around the mean. the difference (variance) of each value from the mean is used
to establish the acceptable range for each control level. A range of 2SD is considered the minimal limit
for an individual control value to be acceptable (95% of all values should be in this range)
Basic statistical graphs - ANSWER-circle, bar, and line graphs used
to illustrate comparative size of different components or factors
skewed curves - ANSWER-data doesn't accurately reflect parameters of population
SBAR - ANSWER-Situation - what is happening at the present time?
Background - what are the circumstances leading up to this?
Assessment - what do you think the problem is?
Recommendation - what should we do to correct the problem?
Trends - ANSWER-systematic drift in one direction away from established mean
nonpunitive policy - ANSWER-focuses on improvement, elimination/prevention of errors/ rather than
putting blame and punishment.
FMEA - ANSWER-Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
variation is present in all processes. 2 Sources of variation - common cause and special cause.
improvement strategies are determined by sources of variation. The less variation the more predictable
the result.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE (FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT,
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, QUALITY
MANAGEMENT)
Adam's Equity Theory - ANSWER-Workers compare the reward potential to the effort they must
expend. Workers also consider rewards of others. Equity exists when workers perceive that the reward
equals the efforts. (motivation theory that focuses on behavior) Theory calls for a fair balance to be
struck between an employee's inputs (hard work, skill level, tolerance, enthusiasm, and so on) and an
employee's outputs (salary, benefits, intangibles such as recognition,and so on).
Skinner's Reinforcement Theory - ANSWER-Theory that proposes that through the consequences of
their behavior, employees will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.
scheduling - ANSWER-names of persons who will work at specific times. match people working lab
with current workload requirements.
four approaches to measuring performance - ANSWER-1. result oriented approach (quality
assessment and improvement)
2. behavior oriented (tools rate worker against)
3. skill oriented (measure traits and skills of worker)
4. peer comparison
force choice method - ANSWER-group of predertermined descriptions select statements that best
match employee.
scored by third party
critical incident method - ANSWER-method of performance measurement based on managers'
records of specific examples of the employee acting in ways that are either effective or ineffective
,Behaviorly Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) - ANSWER-numeric rating scale (1-7) with behavioral
category critical to the success of the job
mixed standard scale - ANSWER-method of performance measurement that uses several statements
describing each trait to produce a final score for that trait
peer comparison - ANSWER-used to identify candidates for promotion, staff reduction and merit pay
or recognition programs
performance judgement issues - ANSWER-rater biases, avoid favoritism, errors of leniency, halo effect,
regency phenomenon.
Quality Control (QC) - ANSWER-quantitative statistical methods that focus on the final product,
defined by standards set by the producer.
controls are processed periodically to make sure that the procedure is within control limits
Quality Assurance (QA) - ANSWER-defined by the success of total organization not just individual
components of system in achieving patient care. focuses on monitoring of outcomes and indicators of
care.
QA Monitoring Process - ANSWER-assign responsibility for QA
plan define scope of patient care identify important aspects of
care construct indicators define threshold for evaluation collect
and organize data evaluate data develop corrective action plan
assess action
document improvement
communicate relevant info
,Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous quality improvement (CQI) - ANSWER-emphasis on
satisfying the needs of the customer. focuses on identifying and troubleshooting problems that might
occur at each stage of production
quality assessment and improvement (QA & I) - ANSWER-introduced by JCAHO. incorporates QA and
TQM/CQI. quality is continuous process of improving the system.
accuracy - ANSWER-closeness of a result to the actual value of an analytic when performing a test.
"hitting bulls eye"
precision - ANSWER-how well a procedure reproduces a value
population - ANSWER-items that are being studied at a particular time
sample - ANSWER-a part of a population that is used to analyze the characteristics of that population
(size of 30 is satisfactory). select at random to avoid bias
Gaussian distribution - ANSWER-Normal or bell-shaped distribution of values symmetrically clustered
around the mean
+/- 1 SD - ANSWER-68% of data lie within this range
+/- 2 SD - ANSWER-95% of data lie within this range
+/- 3 SD - ANSWER-99.7% of data
probability - ANSWER-expressed as a decimal according to the likelihood of an event occurring nearer
to O the less likely it is to occur. can be converted to a percentage
, mean - ANSWER-the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then
dividing by the number of scores
median - ANSWER-the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
Standard Deviation (SD) - ANSWER-measurement of precision or tendency of values in population to
cluster, center, or scater around the mean. the difference (variance) of each value from the mean is used
to establish the acceptable range for each control level. A range of 2SD is considered the minimal limit
for an individual control value to be acceptable (95% of all values should be in this range)
Basic statistical graphs - ANSWER-circle, bar, and line graphs used
to illustrate comparative size of different components or factors
skewed curves - ANSWER-data doesn't accurately reflect parameters of population
SBAR - ANSWER-Situation - what is happening at the present time?
Background - what are the circumstances leading up to this?
Assessment - what do you think the problem is?
Recommendation - what should we do to correct the problem?
Trends - ANSWER-systematic drift in one direction away from established mean
nonpunitive policy - ANSWER-focuses on improvement, elimination/prevention of errors/ rather than
putting blame and punishment.
FMEA - ANSWER-Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
variation is present in all processes. 2 Sources of variation - common cause and special cause.
improvement strategies are determined by sources of variation. The less variation the more predictable
the result.
