Algemene histologie en bijzondere
histologie van bloedvaten en huid
Inhoud
H1: Epithelen ........................................................................................................... 5
Algemene histologie .............................................................................................. 5
Epithelen.............................................................................................................. 5
Bedekkend epitheel .............................................................................................. 5
Bedekkend epitheel: 1-lagige epithelen .................................................................. 6
1-lagig plaveiselepitheel .................................................................................... 6
1-lagig kubisch epitheel ..................................................................................... 6
1-lagig cilindrische epitheel................................................................................ 6
Bedekkend epitheel: pseudomeerlagig epitheel ...................................................... 7
Bedekkend epitheel: meerlagige epithelen.............................................................. 8
Meerlagig niet-verhoornd plaveisel ..................................................................... 8
Meerlagig verhoornd plaveisel ............................................................................ 8
Meerlagig cilindrisch epitheel ............................................................................. 9
Overgangsepitheel of urotheel .......................................................................... 10
Atypische epithelen ............................................................................................ 10
Oppervlaktespecialisaties ................................................................................... 11
Apicale oppervlaktespecialisaties .................................................................... 11
Laterale oppervlaktespecialisaties ................................................................... 11
Basale oppervlaktespecialisaties ..................................................................... 11
Klierepitheel ....................................................................................................... 11
Exocriene klieren ............................................................................................. 12
Myo-epitheel ...................................................................................................... 14
Neuro-epitheel ................................................................................................... 14
H2: Bindweefsel ..................................................................................................... 15
Bind- en steunweefsels ....................................................................................... 15
Eigenlijk bindweefsel ........................................................................................... 15
Componenten van het eigenlijk bindweefsel ......................................................... 15
1
, Cellen voor aanmaak en onderhoud ................................................................. 15
Cellen voor reserve en isolatie .......................................................................... 16
Verdedigingscellen .......................................................................................... 16
Extracellulaire matrix ....................................................................................... 19
Types eigenlijk bindweefsel.................................................................................. 21
Vezelrijk bindweefsel ....................................................................................... 21
Embryonaal bindweefsel ..................................................................................... 22
Reticulair bindweefsel ......................................................................................... 23
Vet bindweefsel .................................................................................................. 23
H3: Kraakbeen ....................................................................................................... 24
Kraakbeen .......................................................................................................... 24
Vorming en opbouw van kraakbeen ...................................................................... 25
Samenstelling van kraakbeen .............................................................................. 25
Extracellulaire kraakbeenmatrix ....................................................................... 26
Soorten kraakbeen .............................................................................................. 27
Hyalien kraakbeen ........................................................................................... 27
Elastisch kraakbeen ........................................................................................ 27
Fibreus/vezelig kraakbeen ................................................................................ 27
H4: Bot .................................................................................................................. 28
Botcellen............................................................................................................ 29
Osteoblasten .................................................................................................. 29
Osteocyten ..................................................................................................... 30
Osteoclasten .................................................................................................. 30
Microscopisch bot .............................................................................................. 31
Primair of plexiform bot .................................................................................... 31
Secundair of lamellair bot ................................................................................ 31
Macroscopisch / anamtomisch bot ...................................................................... 32
Compact bot ................................................................................................... 32
Spongieus bot ................................................................................................. 32
Botvorming ......................................................................................................... 34
Directe / desmale / intramembraneuze botvorming ............................................ 34
Indirecte / chondrale botvorming ...................................................................... 34
2
, Histofysiologie van het bot .................................................................................. 36
Botregeneratie .................................................................................................... 37
H5: Spierweefsel .................................................................................................... 38
Skeletspierweefsel – dwarsgestreept spierweefsel ................................................ 38
Lichtmicroscopisch ......................................................................................... 39
Elektronenmicroscopisch ................................................................................ 39
Moleculaire structuur van myosine filament ...................................................... 40
Moleculaire structuur van actine filament ......................................................... 40
Hulpeiwitten van de myofibrillen ...................................................................... 40
Contractiemechanisme: sliding filament principe .............................................. 42
Varianten van skeletspieren ............................................................................. 42
Groei en regeneratie ........................................................................................ 43
Hartspierweefsel – dwarsgestreept spierweefsel ................................................... 43
Lichtmicroscopisch ......................................................................................... 43
Elektronenmicroscopisch ................................................................................ 44
Glad spierweefsel ............................................................................................... 45
Lichtmicroscopisch ......................................................................................... 45
Elektronenmicroscopisch ................................................................................ 46
Spiercontractie ............................................................................................... 46
H6: Zenuwweefsel .................................................................................................. 47
Componenten van het zenuwweefsel ................................................................... 47
Neuronen of zenuwcellen ................................................................................ 47
Synapsen ........................................................................................................ 50
Neuroglia of steunweefsel ................................................................................ 52
Zenuwvezels ................................................................................................... 52
Organisatie van zenuwvezels en perikarya in PZS en CZS .................................... 55
H7: Bloedvaten ...................................................................................................... 56
Algemene bouw van bloedvaten........................................................................... 56
Arteriën en venen: het macrovasculair systeem .................................................... 57
Het arterieel systeem....................................................................................... 57
Het veneus systeem ........................................................................................ 57
Capillairen en venulen: het microvasculair systeem .............................................. 60
3
, Capillair of haarvat .......................................................................................... 60
Venulen .......................................................................................................... 60
H8: Integument ...................................................................................................... 62
Epidermis ........................................................................................................... 62
Cellagen van de epidermis (keratinocyten): ....................................................... 62
Dermis ............................................................................................................... 64
Hypodermis........................................................................................................ 65
Aanhangsels ....................................................................................................... 66
Haren ............................................................................................................. 66
Talgklieren ...................................................................................................... 66
Zweetklieren ................................................................................................... 67
Bloedvoorziening van de huid .............................................................................. 67
EXAMEN ................................................................................................................ 68
4
histologie van bloedvaten en huid
Inhoud
H1: Epithelen ........................................................................................................... 5
Algemene histologie .............................................................................................. 5
Epithelen.............................................................................................................. 5
Bedekkend epitheel .............................................................................................. 5
Bedekkend epitheel: 1-lagige epithelen .................................................................. 6
1-lagig plaveiselepitheel .................................................................................... 6
1-lagig kubisch epitheel ..................................................................................... 6
1-lagig cilindrische epitheel................................................................................ 6
Bedekkend epitheel: pseudomeerlagig epitheel ...................................................... 7
Bedekkend epitheel: meerlagige epithelen.............................................................. 8
Meerlagig niet-verhoornd plaveisel ..................................................................... 8
Meerlagig verhoornd plaveisel ............................................................................ 8
Meerlagig cilindrisch epitheel ............................................................................. 9
Overgangsepitheel of urotheel .......................................................................... 10
Atypische epithelen ............................................................................................ 10
Oppervlaktespecialisaties ................................................................................... 11
Apicale oppervlaktespecialisaties .................................................................... 11
Laterale oppervlaktespecialisaties ................................................................... 11
Basale oppervlaktespecialisaties ..................................................................... 11
Klierepitheel ....................................................................................................... 11
Exocriene klieren ............................................................................................. 12
Myo-epitheel ...................................................................................................... 14
Neuro-epitheel ................................................................................................... 14
H2: Bindweefsel ..................................................................................................... 15
Bind- en steunweefsels ....................................................................................... 15
Eigenlijk bindweefsel ........................................................................................... 15
Componenten van het eigenlijk bindweefsel ......................................................... 15
1
, Cellen voor aanmaak en onderhoud ................................................................. 15
Cellen voor reserve en isolatie .......................................................................... 16
Verdedigingscellen .......................................................................................... 16
Extracellulaire matrix ....................................................................................... 19
Types eigenlijk bindweefsel.................................................................................. 21
Vezelrijk bindweefsel ....................................................................................... 21
Embryonaal bindweefsel ..................................................................................... 22
Reticulair bindweefsel ......................................................................................... 23
Vet bindweefsel .................................................................................................. 23
H3: Kraakbeen ....................................................................................................... 24
Kraakbeen .......................................................................................................... 24
Vorming en opbouw van kraakbeen ...................................................................... 25
Samenstelling van kraakbeen .............................................................................. 25
Extracellulaire kraakbeenmatrix ....................................................................... 26
Soorten kraakbeen .............................................................................................. 27
Hyalien kraakbeen ........................................................................................... 27
Elastisch kraakbeen ........................................................................................ 27
Fibreus/vezelig kraakbeen ................................................................................ 27
H4: Bot .................................................................................................................. 28
Botcellen............................................................................................................ 29
Osteoblasten .................................................................................................. 29
Osteocyten ..................................................................................................... 30
Osteoclasten .................................................................................................. 30
Microscopisch bot .............................................................................................. 31
Primair of plexiform bot .................................................................................... 31
Secundair of lamellair bot ................................................................................ 31
Macroscopisch / anamtomisch bot ...................................................................... 32
Compact bot ................................................................................................... 32
Spongieus bot ................................................................................................. 32
Botvorming ......................................................................................................... 34
Directe / desmale / intramembraneuze botvorming ............................................ 34
Indirecte / chondrale botvorming ...................................................................... 34
2
, Histofysiologie van het bot .................................................................................. 36
Botregeneratie .................................................................................................... 37
H5: Spierweefsel .................................................................................................... 38
Skeletspierweefsel – dwarsgestreept spierweefsel ................................................ 38
Lichtmicroscopisch ......................................................................................... 39
Elektronenmicroscopisch ................................................................................ 39
Moleculaire structuur van myosine filament ...................................................... 40
Moleculaire structuur van actine filament ......................................................... 40
Hulpeiwitten van de myofibrillen ...................................................................... 40
Contractiemechanisme: sliding filament principe .............................................. 42
Varianten van skeletspieren ............................................................................. 42
Groei en regeneratie ........................................................................................ 43
Hartspierweefsel – dwarsgestreept spierweefsel ................................................... 43
Lichtmicroscopisch ......................................................................................... 43
Elektronenmicroscopisch ................................................................................ 44
Glad spierweefsel ............................................................................................... 45
Lichtmicroscopisch ......................................................................................... 45
Elektronenmicroscopisch ................................................................................ 46
Spiercontractie ............................................................................................... 46
H6: Zenuwweefsel .................................................................................................. 47
Componenten van het zenuwweefsel ................................................................... 47
Neuronen of zenuwcellen ................................................................................ 47
Synapsen ........................................................................................................ 50
Neuroglia of steunweefsel ................................................................................ 52
Zenuwvezels ................................................................................................... 52
Organisatie van zenuwvezels en perikarya in PZS en CZS .................................... 55
H7: Bloedvaten ...................................................................................................... 56
Algemene bouw van bloedvaten........................................................................... 56
Arteriën en venen: het macrovasculair systeem .................................................... 57
Het arterieel systeem....................................................................................... 57
Het veneus systeem ........................................................................................ 57
Capillairen en venulen: het microvasculair systeem .............................................. 60
3
, Capillair of haarvat .......................................................................................... 60
Venulen .......................................................................................................... 60
H8: Integument ...................................................................................................... 62
Epidermis ........................................................................................................... 62
Cellagen van de epidermis (keratinocyten): ....................................................... 62
Dermis ............................................................................................................... 64
Hypodermis........................................................................................................ 65
Aanhangsels ....................................................................................................... 66
Haren ............................................................................................................. 66
Talgklieren ...................................................................................................... 66
Zweetklieren ................................................................................................... 67
Bloedvoorziening van de huid .............................................................................. 67
EXAMEN ................................................................................................................ 68
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