CCJ3011 Midterm Exam With
Complete Solution
What are the assumptions in Rational Choice Theory - ANSWER people are
not empty vessels
people are self-interested
people are rational
What does Rational Choice Theory Argue - ANSWER crime is an outcome of
an individual's rational considerations of the risk to reward
Weaknesses of Rational Choice Theory - ANSWER limited knowledge-
education
cognitive capacity- mental illness
time limits- cant fully analyze situation
overemphasis on individual will
What school is deterrence theory in - ANSWER classical school
what is the goal of punishment - ANSWER retribution
incapacitation
rehabilitation
deterrence
what was the process of traditional deterrence theory in 1400s - ANSWER
,emphasis on retribution
supernatural forces
public trial (hanging)
what does deterrence theory argue - ANSWER the primary purpose of law is
deterrence
punishment has to be severe, certain, and swift for citizens to be deterred
what are the types of deterrence - ANSWER general deterrence
specific deterrence
general deterrence - ANSWER The state's punishment of offenders serves as
an example to those in the general public who have not yet committed a
crime, instilling in them enough fear of state punishment to deter them from
crime
specific deterrence - ANSWER Apprehended and punished offenders will
refrain from repeating crimes if they are certainly caught and severely
punished
Perceptual deterrence theory - ANSWER Perceptions of reality, in this case
punishment, and not actual or objective reality are what shape behavior
weaknesses of perceptual deterrence theory - ANSWER limited empirical
evidence
- moderate to null effects
temporary effects
unintended consequences of punishment
, - broken family
crime displacement
saturation point
- doesnt affect offender
what school is routine activity theory - ANSWER classical school
is routine activity theory criminality or crime opportunity? why? - ANSWER
criminality
more criminally motivated offenders= more crime in any given location
what assumption is made in routine activity theory - ANSWER Opportunity is
a necessary condition for any specific crime to be committed
what are the arguments of routine activity theory - ANSWER 1. motivated
offenders, suitable targets, and absence of a capable guardian are required
elements
2. The rate of criminal victimization is increased when there is convergence in
space and time of the three minimal elements of direct-contact predatory
violations
3. The shift in routine activities could potentially alter criminal opportunities,
thereby leading to changes in both crime rates and the types of crimes
committed
situational crime prevention - ANSWER increase the effort needed to commit
a crime
reduce the rewards of crime
Complete Solution
What are the assumptions in Rational Choice Theory - ANSWER people are
not empty vessels
people are self-interested
people are rational
What does Rational Choice Theory Argue - ANSWER crime is an outcome of
an individual's rational considerations of the risk to reward
Weaknesses of Rational Choice Theory - ANSWER limited knowledge-
education
cognitive capacity- mental illness
time limits- cant fully analyze situation
overemphasis on individual will
What school is deterrence theory in - ANSWER classical school
what is the goal of punishment - ANSWER retribution
incapacitation
rehabilitation
deterrence
what was the process of traditional deterrence theory in 1400s - ANSWER
,emphasis on retribution
supernatural forces
public trial (hanging)
what does deterrence theory argue - ANSWER the primary purpose of law is
deterrence
punishment has to be severe, certain, and swift for citizens to be deterred
what are the types of deterrence - ANSWER general deterrence
specific deterrence
general deterrence - ANSWER The state's punishment of offenders serves as
an example to those in the general public who have not yet committed a
crime, instilling in them enough fear of state punishment to deter them from
crime
specific deterrence - ANSWER Apprehended and punished offenders will
refrain from repeating crimes if they are certainly caught and severely
punished
Perceptual deterrence theory - ANSWER Perceptions of reality, in this case
punishment, and not actual or objective reality are what shape behavior
weaknesses of perceptual deterrence theory - ANSWER limited empirical
evidence
- moderate to null effects
temporary effects
unintended consequences of punishment
, - broken family
crime displacement
saturation point
- doesnt affect offender
what school is routine activity theory - ANSWER classical school
is routine activity theory criminality or crime opportunity? why? - ANSWER
criminality
more criminally motivated offenders= more crime in any given location
what assumption is made in routine activity theory - ANSWER Opportunity is
a necessary condition for any specific crime to be committed
what are the arguments of routine activity theory - ANSWER 1. motivated
offenders, suitable targets, and absence of a capable guardian are required
elements
2. The rate of criminal victimization is increased when there is convergence in
space and time of the three minimal elements of direct-contact predatory
violations
3. The shift in routine activities could potentially alter criminal opportunities,
thereby leading to changes in both crime rates and the types of crimes
committed
situational crime prevention - ANSWER increase the effort needed to commit
a crime
reduce the rewards of crime
