Microbiology exam 2 Chapters
4,5,6
Prokaryotic Cell Size - -0.5-2.0 with large surface to volume ratio
- Prokaryotic Shapes - -coccus, coocobacillus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum,
spirochete
- vibrio - -comma shaped
Vibrio cholerae
- spirillum - -wiggly line
- spirochete - -corkscrew like
ex: Teporema pallidum (syphilis)
Borreslia burgdoferi (lyme disease)
- bacillus - -pill like form
Ex: Bacillus subtilis
Escherichia coli
- Arrangement of Prokaryotic cells - -can divide in one or more planes,
depending on genetics is how much it can divide
- Diplocococcus - -can only be split into 2
- Tetrad - -can only be split into 2 planes
- Streptococci: - -can be split and grown multiple times
- Staphylocci - -2 planes that keep going
- Strepto= - -chain
- streptobacilli - -can only be split one way, cant be made into a
cluster...chain only
- Are Prokaryotic cells nucleated? - -No
- Types of Prokaryotic cells - -Archea and Bacteria
- Are Eukaryotes nucleated? - -yes
- How many cells are in a prokaryotic cell? - -single celled
, - Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells - -Prokaryotic are non
nucleated, they have the same functions as Eurkaryotic except they lack the
orgenelles, they have other similar orgenelles which can perform the same
function
- How do Eurakryotic cells move? - -cilia
- How do Prokaryotic cells move? - -flagella
- Prokaryotic cells split by what process? - -Binary Fission
- Binary Fission - -when a nucloid divides cell wall and membrane to form
transverse septum, once a transverse septum is complete, the cell divides
into daughter cells
- Generation Time: - -Time it takes to form new cells/ double the population/
Log Phase
- Penicillian vs bacterial cell wall - -the cell wall is the target for antibiotics,
Penicillian will destroy cell wall synthesis by damaging the penta glycine
linkage of the peptidoglycan layer while its actively dividing.
- Penicillan is more effective on Gram + or Gram - - -Gram + because the
pepto layer is one outside
- Plasmids - -small circular, extra chromosomal DNA which can encode many
genes, is code for auxiliary metabolic functions, is antibiotic resistant,
produces toxins. Plasmids can transfer genes to other plasmids horizontally
or laterally.
- Inclusions - -granules densely compacted, uses poly-phosphate for
metabolic processes, glycogen/glucose polymer used for energy
- Example of a toxin which plasmids produce - -E.coli
- gram negative membrane - -outer layer of cell, attached by lipoprotein
molecues to the peptidoglycan
- Periplasmic Space - -the gap between cell membrane and cell wall, the
active area of cell metabolism, usually only present in gram negative
bacteria
- gram positive cell walls - -made up from peptidoglycan, teichoic
acid( glycerol, phosphates, and ribitol)
4,5,6
Prokaryotic Cell Size - -0.5-2.0 with large surface to volume ratio
- Prokaryotic Shapes - -coccus, coocobacillus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum,
spirochete
- vibrio - -comma shaped
Vibrio cholerae
- spirillum - -wiggly line
- spirochete - -corkscrew like
ex: Teporema pallidum (syphilis)
Borreslia burgdoferi (lyme disease)
- bacillus - -pill like form
Ex: Bacillus subtilis
Escherichia coli
- Arrangement of Prokaryotic cells - -can divide in one or more planes,
depending on genetics is how much it can divide
- Diplocococcus - -can only be split into 2
- Tetrad - -can only be split into 2 planes
- Streptococci: - -can be split and grown multiple times
- Staphylocci - -2 planes that keep going
- Strepto= - -chain
- streptobacilli - -can only be split one way, cant be made into a
cluster...chain only
- Are Prokaryotic cells nucleated? - -No
- Types of Prokaryotic cells - -Archea and Bacteria
- Are Eukaryotes nucleated? - -yes
- How many cells are in a prokaryotic cell? - -single celled
, - Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells - -Prokaryotic are non
nucleated, they have the same functions as Eurkaryotic except they lack the
orgenelles, they have other similar orgenelles which can perform the same
function
- How do Eurakryotic cells move? - -cilia
- How do Prokaryotic cells move? - -flagella
- Prokaryotic cells split by what process? - -Binary Fission
- Binary Fission - -when a nucloid divides cell wall and membrane to form
transverse septum, once a transverse septum is complete, the cell divides
into daughter cells
- Generation Time: - -Time it takes to form new cells/ double the population/
Log Phase
- Penicillian vs bacterial cell wall - -the cell wall is the target for antibiotics,
Penicillian will destroy cell wall synthesis by damaging the penta glycine
linkage of the peptidoglycan layer while its actively dividing.
- Penicillan is more effective on Gram + or Gram - - -Gram + because the
pepto layer is one outside
- Plasmids - -small circular, extra chromosomal DNA which can encode many
genes, is code for auxiliary metabolic functions, is antibiotic resistant,
produces toxins. Plasmids can transfer genes to other plasmids horizontally
or laterally.
- Inclusions - -granules densely compacted, uses poly-phosphate for
metabolic processes, glycogen/glucose polymer used for energy
- Example of a toxin which plasmids produce - -E.coli
- gram negative membrane - -outer layer of cell, attached by lipoprotein
molecues to the peptidoglycan
- Periplasmic Space - -the gap between cell membrane and cell wall, the
active area of cell metabolism, usually only present in gram negative
bacteria
- gram positive cell walls - -made up from peptidoglycan, teichoic
acid( glycerol, phosphates, and ribitol)
