USAHS CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE EXAM 2024-2025
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neurulation,
cell proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of axonal and dendritic processes, and
synaptogenesis
______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Neurulation
Cell proliferation occurs within the ________ _______. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube
During the migration and aggregation phase of embryological development the cells
migrate/aggregate within _________ locations. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Definitive
True or false:
Cranial nerves are formed during the formation of axonal and dendritic processes phase of
embryological development. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅True
____________ occurs around day 14 of development. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neurulation
During __________ the embryo is in the process of gastrolation. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Neurulation
The __________ is three cell layers thick and includes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. -
CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Gastrula
The entire nervous system is derived from the ____________ ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Embryonic ectoderm
,On day _____ the notochord develops followed by the neural tube on day _______. - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅21, 28
The _______ ________ develops into the the entire CNS. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube
Neural crest cells develop into the ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅PNS
What two pathologies can occur during the first stage of embryological development? - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅Spina bifida (failure of POSTERIOR neuropore to close) and anencephaly (failure of
the ANTERIOR neuropore to close)
What does the prosencephalon divide into? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅telencephalon and
diencephalon
What are the derivatives of the telencephalon and diencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅telencephalon: rhinoencephalon (lateral ventricles)
diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerves, neurohypophysis, and pineal gland (third
ventricle)
What is the derivative of the mesencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Midbrain (cerebral
aqueduct)
What does the rhombencephalon divide into? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅metencephalon and
myelencephalon
What are the derivatives of the metencephalon and myelencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Metencephalon: cerebellum and pons (fourth ventricle)
Myelencephalon: medulla (fourth ventricle)
, What does the primitive neural tube divide into? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube and neural
crest
What are the derivatives of the neural tube and neural crest? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube:
spinal cord (central canal)
Neural crest: peripheral nerve ganglia
The anterior commissure is _________ to the posterior commissure. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Rostral
The thalamus is ________to the frontal lobe. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Caudal
The cerebellum is _________ to the pons. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Dorsal
The anterior horn of the SC is _________ to the posterior horn of the SC. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Ventral
During the __________ ___________ phase of embryological development the sulcus limitans pushes
bilaterally inside of the neural tube and starts to divide the tube into a ventral and dorsal portion. -
CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Cell proliferation (ventral portion= baslar plate; efferent motor and the
dorsal portion= alar plate; sensory)
During the cell proliferation phase the innermost layer (ependyaml aka germinal) creates the lining of
the __________. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Ventricles (helps the cilia)
During the cell proliferation phase the intermediate layer becomes the ___________. - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅Mantle (gray matter)
During the cell proliferation phase the marginal layer becomes ________ ________. - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅White matter
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neurulation,
cell proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of axonal and dendritic processes, and
synaptogenesis
______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Neurulation
Cell proliferation occurs within the ________ _______. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube
During the migration and aggregation phase of embryological development the cells
migrate/aggregate within _________ locations. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Definitive
True or false:
Cranial nerves are formed during the formation of axonal and dendritic processes phase of
embryological development. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅True
____________ occurs around day 14 of development. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neurulation
During __________ the embryo is in the process of gastrolation. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Neurulation
The __________ is three cell layers thick and includes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. -
CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Gastrula
The entire nervous system is derived from the ____________ ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Embryonic ectoderm
,On day _____ the notochord develops followed by the neural tube on day _______. - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅21, 28
The _______ ________ develops into the the entire CNS. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube
Neural crest cells develop into the ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅PNS
What two pathologies can occur during the first stage of embryological development? - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅Spina bifida (failure of POSTERIOR neuropore to close) and anencephaly (failure of
the ANTERIOR neuropore to close)
What does the prosencephalon divide into? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅telencephalon and
diencephalon
What are the derivatives of the telencephalon and diencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅telencephalon: rhinoencephalon (lateral ventricles)
diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerves, neurohypophysis, and pineal gland (third
ventricle)
What is the derivative of the mesencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Midbrain (cerebral
aqueduct)
What does the rhombencephalon divide into? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅metencephalon and
myelencephalon
What are the derivatives of the metencephalon and myelencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Metencephalon: cerebellum and pons (fourth ventricle)
Myelencephalon: medulla (fourth ventricle)
, What does the primitive neural tube divide into? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube and neural
crest
What are the derivatives of the neural tube and neural crest? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Neural tube:
spinal cord (central canal)
Neural crest: peripheral nerve ganglia
The anterior commissure is _________ to the posterior commissure. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Rostral
The thalamus is ________to the frontal lobe. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Caudal
The cerebellum is _________ to the pons. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Dorsal
The anterior horn of the SC is _________ to the posterior horn of the SC. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔✅Ventral
During the __________ ___________ phase of embryological development the sulcus limitans pushes
bilaterally inside of the neural tube and starts to divide the tube into a ventral and dorsal portion. -
CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Cell proliferation (ventral portion= baslar plate; efferent motor and the
dorsal portion= alar plate; sensory)
During the cell proliferation phase the innermost layer (ependyaml aka germinal) creates the lining of
the __________. - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅Ventricles (helps the cilia)
During the cell proliferation phase the intermediate layer becomes the ___________. - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅Mantle (gray matter)
During the cell proliferation phase the marginal layer becomes ________ ________. - CORRECT
ANSWER-✔✔✅White matter
