1|Page
CMN 170V Final with 100% correct
answers rated A+ 2024/2025 guaranteed
pass
whats the difference between invention and innovation? - Correct Answer-
invention= new combo in the realm of tech possibilities
innovation= new combo in the realm of economic possibilities
Innovations are derived from the ________ of inventions to satisfy ____________
- Correct Answer-supply, demands
What are the digital traits of storage? - Correct Answer-digital footprint, n=N,
economies of scale, non-fungibility, data-fusion, exposure selection, scalable
modularity
Digital traits of communication - Correct Answer-death of distance, timelessness
(real) time, poly-directionality, network structures, network externalities,
interoperability, media richness selection
Digital traits of computation - Correct Answer-machine learning, n= 1, regulation
by objectives, knowledge greyboxes, what-if scenarios, presence/visualization,
promgrammability
How do first order innovations differ from second order - Correct Answer-First
order takes place infrequently and at random times. Considered initial
breakthrough while second order are improvements and perfections that couldn't
have taken place without first break through.
Smil offers two examples of first-order innovations or what he calls "technical
saltations" (saltation is from the Latin word for "leap" and refers to a sudden
change from one generation to the next, that is large, or very large, in comparison
with the usual). What are the two saltations he describes? - Correct Answer-The
first saltation Smil provides is our hominid ancestors using rocks to fashion and
,2|Page
shape sharp tools. The second is the invention, transmission, conversion, and
distribution of electricity.
how does he describe the fundamental importance of electricity - Correct Answer-
He argues that most of everything we use in the world is run on electricity such as
the way we cultivate produce distribute and cook food as well as electric machines
used in hospitals to the simple light we use in our homes.
electrical innovations were created when? by whom? - Correct Answer-late 1870's
to the beginning of the 20th century. They were created by people such as charles
clarke, john gibbs, edward johnson, and most importantly thomas edison.
what was edison's greatest contribution - Correct Answer-His greatest
accomplishment was the developments of the first commercial system of
electricity generation, transmission and conversion.
How did German inventor Rathenau describe Edison's accomplishment? - Correct
Answer-A beautifully designed and conceived device that showed signs of
astonishing skill and incomparable genius.
What kind of innovations are Apple's products? - Correct Answer-third order
innovations that use a number of fundamental second order innovations. such as
the microprocessors being developed and provided from not apple.
What does Smil note about German cars relative to Toyotas and Hondas? . . . and
how does this point relate to Apple? - Correct Answer-He notes that apple's
devices have benefited from group infatuation much like how German cars were
noted to be superior that Toyota or Honda but in reality there have been little
studies to show that these cars are actually better than other cars, much like how
Apple products aren't any better than other items on the market, but the fact that
it's Apple or Mercedes just drives people to buy whatever is considered "it".
Note the four developments that Smil compares to the iPad. - Correct Answer-He
states that the world would be perfectly fine if there wasn't any iPhones or iPads
out there.
,3|Page
What was the issue in 1853 that caused 65 train wrecks and 176 deaths? - Correct
Answer-There were no time zones, death of distance started
what is mercado libre and what is it an example of? - Correct Answer-latin
american ebay, popped up over pandemic, death of distance
What is Udemy and what is it an example of? - Correct Answer-Online education
platform in Latin America that made themselves part of the united states online
learning community, death of distance
what is timeless time? - Correct Answer-social practice that aims at negating
sequence to install ourselves in perennial simultaneity and simultaneous ubiquity,
by Manual Castells
-we can do things synchronously (real time) or asynchronously
-with asynchronous learning we combine communication are storage a the same
time
What is octopus maintenance planning and how is it related to timelessness? -
Correct Answer-program showing best times to update and maintain equipment
before it becomes dyer.
What is poly-directionality? - Correct Answer-Traditional was either 1:1 or 1:many,
but poly direction you can have comm going in ever which direction, one to many
many to one one to one, many to many
Example of Many to 1 to many? - Correct Answer-A CMn course with many
instructors teaching, like CMn 10
What is the digital trait of network structures? - Correct Answer-New work
structures determine how information flows
Difference between centralized and decentralized networks - Correct Answer-
Centralized- kind of like a wheel hub, decentralized, more linear or blobby
What is degree centrality - Correct Answer-Looks for the most connected
individuals, who has the most links, most popular kid on the block
, 4|Page
What is closeness centrality? - Correct Answer--node that is closest to all others on
average
-counts the degrees of separation between nodes, the one that has the lowest
average distance from all other nodes int he most centralized
What is betweenness centrality - Correct Answer-how often is a node in between
other nodes
Eigenvector Centrality - Correct Answer-how well-connected are those I'm
connected to
-proportional to sum of neighbors' centrality
e.g. googles pagerank
network externalities - Correct Answer--When the value of a product to one user
depends on how many others there are
-a situation in which the usefulness of a product increases with the number of
consumers who use it
e.g. facebook
-there can be negative or positive network externalitites
(more people using the same apple the less good= negative externalities)
-Main idea is as # of users increase the value and number of connections increase
exponentially
x nodes= X^2-x degrees
-this is why it is difficult to be the new company when others already have the
network externalities (e.g. FB has 3 billion people on their network)
-this is why these networks go towards winner takes all
-also the more you connect data basses the more bang for your buck you get in
other ways
Interoperability - Correct Answer-the capability of two or more computer systems
to share data and resources, even though they are made by different
manufacturers
-different data bases can speak to them
Difference between direct and star network structures - Correct Answer-direct:
point-to-point connections, everyone is connected, complexity is exponetial
CMN 170V Final with 100% correct
answers rated A+ 2024/2025 guaranteed
pass
whats the difference between invention and innovation? - Correct Answer-
invention= new combo in the realm of tech possibilities
innovation= new combo in the realm of economic possibilities
Innovations are derived from the ________ of inventions to satisfy ____________
- Correct Answer-supply, demands
What are the digital traits of storage? - Correct Answer-digital footprint, n=N,
economies of scale, non-fungibility, data-fusion, exposure selection, scalable
modularity
Digital traits of communication - Correct Answer-death of distance, timelessness
(real) time, poly-directionality, network structures, network externalities,
interoperability, media richness selection
Digital traits of computation - Correct Answer-machine learning, n= 1, regulation
by objectives, knowledge greyboxes, what-if scenarios, presence/visualization,
promgrammability
How do first order innovations differ from second order - Correct Answer-First
order takes place infrequently and at random times. Considered initial
breakthrough while second order are improvements and perfections that couldn't
have taken place without first break through.
Smil offers two examples of first-order innovations or what he calls "technical
saltations" (saltation is from the Latin word for "leap" and refers to a sudden
change from one generation to the next, that is large, or very large, in comparison
with the usual). What are the two saltations he describes? - Correct Answer-The
first saltation Smil provides is our hominid ancestors using rocks to fashion and
,2|Page
shape sharp tools. The second is the invention, transmission, conversion, and
distribution of electricity.
how does he describe the fundamental importance of electricity - Correct Answer-
He argues that most of everything we use in the world is run on electricity such as
the way we cultivate produce distribute and cook food as well as electric machines
used in hospitals to the simple light we use in our homes.
electrical innovations were created when? by whom? - Correct Answer-late 1870's
to the beginning of the 20th century. They were created by people such as charles
clarke, john gibbs, edward johnson, and most importantly thomas edison.
what was edison's greatest contribution - Correct Answer-His greatest
accomplishment was the developments of the first commercial system of
electricity generation, transmission and conversion.
How did German inventor Rathenau describe Edison's accomplishment? - Correct
Answer-A beautifully designed and conceived device that showed signs of
astonishing skill and incomparable genius.
What kind of innovations are Apple's products? - Correct Answer-third order
innovations that use a number of fundamental second order innovations. such as
the microprocessors being developed and provided from not apple.
What does Smil note about German cars relative to Toyotas and Hondas? . . . and
how does this point relate to Apple? - Correct Answer-He notes that apple's
devices have benefited from group infatuation much like how German cars were
noted to be superior that Toyota or Honda but in reality there have been little
studies to show that these cars are actually better than other cars, much like how
Apple products aren't any better than other items on the market, but the fact that
it's Apple or Mercedes just drives people to buy whatever is considered "it".
Note the four developments that Smil compares to the iPad. - Correct Answer-He
states that the world would be perfectly fine if there wasn't any iPhones or iPads
out there.
,3|Page
What was the issue in 1853 that caused 65 train wrecks and 176 deaths? - Correct
Answer-There were no time zones, death of distance started
what is mercado libre and what is it an example of? - Correct Answer-latin
american ebay, popped up over pandemic, death of distance
What is Udemy and what is it an example of? - Correct Answer-Online education
platform in Latin America that made themselves part of the united states online
learning community, death of distance
what is timeless time? - Correct Answer-social practice that aims at negating
sequence to install ourselves in perennial simultaneity and simultaneous ubiquity,
by Manual Castells
-we can do things synchronously (real time) or asynchronously
-with asynchronous learning we combine communication are storage a the same
time
What is octopus maintenance planning and how is it related to timelessness? -
Correct Answer-program showing best times to update and maintain equipment
before it becomes dyer.
What is poly-directionality? - Correct Answer-Traditional was either 1:1 or 1:many,
but poly direction you can have comm going in ever which direction, one to many
many to one one to one, many to many
Example of Many to 1 to many? - Correct Answer-A CMn course with many
instructors teaching, like CMn 10
What is the digital trait of network structures? - Correct Answer-New work
structures determine how information flows
Difference between centralized and decentralized networks - Correct Answer-
Centralized- kind of like a wheel hub, decentralized, more linear or blobby
What is degree centrality - Correct Answer-Looks for the most connected
individuals, who has the most links, most popular kid on the block
, 4|Page
What is closeness centrality? - Correct Answer--node that is closest to all others on
average
-counts the degrees of separation between nodes, the one that has the lowest
average distance from all other nodes int he most centralized
What is betweenness centrality - Correct Answer-how often is a node in between
other nodes
Eigenvector Centrality - Correct Answer-how well-connected are those I'm
connected to
-proportional to sum of neighbors' centrality
e.g. googles pagerank
network externalities - Correct Answer--When the value of a product to one user
depends on how many others there are
-a situation in which the usefulness of a product increases with the number of
consumers who use it
e.g. facebook
-there can be negative or positive network externalitites
(more people using the same apple the less good= negative externalities)
-Main idea is as # of users increase the value and number of connections increase
exponentially
x nodes= X^2-x degrees
-this is why it is difficult to be the new company when others already have the
network externalities (e.g. FB has 3 billion people on their network)
-this is why these networks go towards winner takes all
-also the more you connect data basses the more bang for your buck you get in
other ways
Interoperability - Correct Answer-the capability of two or more computer systems
to share data and resources, even though they are made by different
manufacturers
-different data bases can speak to them
Difference between direct and star network structures - Correct Answer-direct:
point-to-point connections, everyone is connected, complexity is exponetial
