©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
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BME 2800 final Exam Study Guide.
Tunica intima - answer✔the innermost layer of a blood vessel
made of mostly endothelial cells and supporting membrane
tunica media - answer✔Thick middle layer made of smooth muscle cells, thiner in veins
tunica externa - answer✔outer layer of a blood vessel which connects it to surrounding tissues
made mostly of collagen fibers
elastic arteries - answer✔Balloon-like pressure reservoirs that keep blood circulating during
diastole
Gets bigger when heart ejects
shrinks as blood moves into system
1|Page
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diastole - answer✔Relaxation of the heart
muscular arteries - answer✔First level distributors which dilate/constrict to regulate blood flow
to certain body areas and direct blood to Arterioles
Arterioles - answer✔Dilate/constrict to regulate blood flow to capillary beds
Capillaries - answer✔Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the
blood and cells of the body, no muscle
Veins - answer✔Very stretchy vessels that carry blood back to the heart, act as blood reservoirs
don't have much smooth muscle
vascular anatomoses - answer✔plexuses of blood vessels which provide redundancy in case of
blockage
very common in veinous system
systolic pressure - answer✔Heart contraction=high pressure
diastolic pressure - answer✔Heart relaxes, low pressure
What does Flow depend on - answer✔Flow=dP/TPR
2|Page
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
dP= change in pressure(high to low pressure)
TPR=total peripheral resistance
Structural adaptation to prevent backflow - answer✔One-way valves
Functional adaptations to prevent backflow - answer✔muscular pumps, respiratory pumps,
Sympathetic Venoconstriction
one way valves - answer✔Major mechanism in the control of unidirectional blood flow through
veins and heart chambers
muscular pumps - answer✔As muscles squeeze pushes into next chamber/area
respiratory pump - answer✔Inhalation raises abdominal pressure & Lowers chest pressure,
causing net pressure drop across veins
sympathetic venoconstriction - answer✔Contracting smooth muscle to push
Left half of heart - answer✔receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body
Right half of heart - answer✔pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Right atria - answer✔receives deoxygenated blood and pumps to right ventricle
Right ventricle - answer✔Receives blood from right Atria and pumps deoxygenated blood to the
lungs
Left Atria - answer✔receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to left ventricle
3|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BME 2800 final Exam Study Guide.
Tunica intima - answer✔the innermost layer of a blood vessel
made of mostly endothelial cells and supporting membrane
tunica media - answer✔Thick middle layer made of smooth muscle cells, thiner in veins
tunica externa - answer✔outer layer of a blood vessel which connects it to surrounding tissues
made mostly of collagen fibers
elastic arteries - answer✔Balloon-like pressure reservoirs that keep blood circulating during
diastole
Gets bigger when heart ejects
shrinks as blood moves into system
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
diastole - answer✔Relaxation of the heart
muscular arteries - answer✔First level distributors which dilate/constrict to regulate blood flow
to certain body areas and direct blood to Arterioles
Arterioles - answer✔Dilate/constrict to regulate blood flow to capillary beds
Capillaries - answer✔Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the
blood and cells of the body, no muscle
Veins - answer✔Very stretchy vessels that carry blood back to the heart, act as blood reservoirs
don't have much smooth muscle
vascular anatomoses - answer✔plexuses of blood vessels which provide redundancy in case of
blockage
very common in veinous system
systolic pressure - answer✔Heart contraction=high pressure
diastolic pressure - answer✔Heart relaxes, low pressure
What does Flow depend on - answer✔Flow=dP/TPR
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
dP= change in pressure(high to low pressure)
TPR=total peripheral resistance
Structural adaptation to prevent backflow - answer✔One-way valves
Functional adaptations to prevent backflow - answer✔muscular pumps, respiratory pumps,
Sympathetic Venoconstriction
one way valves - answer✔Major mechanism in the control of unidirectional blood flow through
veins and heart chambers
muscular pumps - answer✔As muscles squeeze pushes into next chamber/area
respiratory pump - answer✔Inhalation raises abdominal pressure & Lowers chest pressure,
causing net pressure drop across veins
sympathetic venoconstriction - answer✔Contracting smooth muscle to push
Left half of heart - answer✔receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body
Right half of heart - answer✔pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Right atria - answer✔receives deoxygenated blood and pumps to right ventricle
Right ventricle - answer✔Receives blood from right Atria and pumps deoxygenated blood to the
lungs
Left Atria - answer✔receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to left ventricle
3|Page
