BIO 117 Study Guide:Exam 2
True or False?
All of kingdom fungi forms one, large monophyletic group. - ANSWER:True
In a general fungal life cycle, meiotic cell division (meiosis) occurs during _______. - ANSWER:The
creation of a spore-producing structure from a zygote.
Which of the following are characteristics of arthropods?
1. protostome development
2. bilateral symmetry
3. a pseudocoelom
4. three embryonic germ layers
5. a closed circulatory system - ANSWER:1, 2, 4
True or False?
Heterokaryotic cells in fungi are considered to be diploid. - ANSWER:False, they are n+n
What is a way in which a population of bacterial cells could come to have the property of antibiotic
resistance? - ANSWER:A bacterial cell had previously accumulated mutations to its DNA that coincidently
provided it with antibiotic resistance, and therefore the ability to survive and reproduce.
What is NOT a characteristic of a protostome? - ANSWER:Mesoderm "pinches" off from endoderm
during development.
Which of the following phyla can be described as bilaterian, with true tissues, a coelom, a deuterostome,
but that lack cephalization? - ANSWER:Echinodermata
,Among protostomes, which morphological trait has shown the most variation? - ANSWER:type of body
cavity (coelom vs. pseudocoelom vs. no coelom)
Protists are a very diverse group and divided into about 7 major lineages. A common water mold like
"ick" is a(n) _____________, whereas the flagellated parasite i.e. Giardia lamblia is a(n)
______________, and the marine algal bloom leading to red tide is caused by _______________. -
ANSWER:Stramenopiles, Excavata, Alveolates
Which phyla of fungi is described? Known as club fungi , these fungi have reproductive structures that
are hidden within gills. Some can digest the main the component of wood, while others form
ectomycorrhizal relationships. - ANSWER:Basidiomycota
Which of the following is (are) unique to animals? - ANSWER:nervous system signal conduction and
muscular movement
Match the following animal structure with the germ layer from which it was created during
development:
Bones
Nerves
Intestinal Lining
Muscles
Skin - ANSWER:Bones--- mesoderm
Nerves--- ectoderm
Intestinal Lining--- endoderm
Muscles--- mesoderm
Skin--- ectoderm
, Match the following structures of the beginning of chordate organogenesis with the germ layer from
which they develop. Each germ layer may be used more than once, or not at all.
Notochord
Neural Tube
Somite - ANSWER:Notochord-- mesoderm
Neural Tube--- ectoderm
Somite--- mesoderm
What fungal group contains spores and gametes that have flagella? - ANSWER:Chytrids
The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a ________. - ANSWER:flagellated protist
True or False:
Fungal spores are only used in asexual reproduction. - ANSWER:False
Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was a terrestrial vertebrate.
Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming.
What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what
term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals? - ANSWER:homology; homoplasy
To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, ________. - ANSWER:choose the tree that
represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequences or morphology
What traits do archaeans and bacteria share? - ANSWER:lack of a nuclear envelope
presence of plasma membrane
Multicellularity and large body size of eukaryotic organisms require high metabolic rates and efficient
ATP production by aerobic respiration. How did bacteria change Earth's atmosphere to enable aerobic
respiration? - ANSWER:Oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria significantly increased the amount of
oxygen in the atmosphere.
Which of the following are characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria? - ANSWER:Nerve Net
True or False?
All of kingdom fungi forms one, large monophyletic group. - ANSWER:True
In a general fungal life cycle, meiotic cell division (meiosis) occurs during _______. - ANSWER:The
creation of a spore-producing structure from a zygote.
Which of the following are characteristics of arthropods?
1. protostome development
2. bilateral symmetry
3. a pseudocoelom
4. three embryonic germ layers
5. a closed circulatory system - ANSWER:1, 2, 4
True or False?
Heterokaryotic cells in fungi are considered to be diploid. - ANSWER:False, they are n+n
What is a way in which a population of bacterial cells could come to have the property of antibiotic
resistance? - ANSWER:A bacterial cell had previously accumulated mutations to its DNA that coincidently
provided it with antibiotic resistance, and therefore the ability to survive and reproduce.
What is NOT a characteristic of a protostome? - ANSWER:Mesoderm "pinches" off from endoderm
during development.
Which of the following phyla can be described as bilaterian, with true tissues, a coelom, a deuterostome,
but that lack cephalization? - ANSWER:Echinodermata
,Among protostomes, which morphological trait has shown the most variation? - ANSWER:type of body
cavity (coelom vs. pseudocoelom vs. no coelom)
Protists are a very diverse group and divided into about 7 major lineages. A common water mold like
"ick" is a(n) _____________, whereas the flagellated parasite i.e. Giardia lamblia is a(n)
______________, and the marine algal bloom leading to red tide is caused by _______________. -
ANSWER:Stramenopiles, Excavata, Alveolates
Which phyla of fungi is described? Known as club fungi , these fungi have reproductive structures that
are hidden within gills. Some can digest the main the component of wood, while others form
ectomycorrhizal relationships. - ANSWER:Basidiomycota
Which of the following is (are) unique to animals? - ANSWER:nervous system signal conduction and
muscular movement
Match the following animal structure with the germ layer from which it was created during
development:
Bones
Nerves
Intestinal Lining
Muscles
Skin - ANSWER:Bones--- mesoderm
Nerves--- ectoderm
Intestinal Lining--- endoderm
Muscles--- mesoderm
Skin--- ectoderm
, Match the following structures of the beginning of chordate organogenesis with the germ layer from
which they develop. Each germ layer may be used more than once, or not at all.
Notochord
Neural Tube
Somite - ANSWER:Notochord-- mesoderm
Neural Tube--- ectoderm
Somite--- mesoderm
What fungal group contains spores and gametes that have flagella? - ANSWER:Chytrids
The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a ________. - ANSWER:flagellated protist
True or False:
Fungal spores are only used in asexual reproduction. - ANSWER:False
Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was a terrestrial vertebrate.
Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming.
What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what
term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals? - ANSWER:homology; homoplasy
To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, ________. - ANSWER:choose the tree that
represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequences or morphology
What traits do archaeans and bacteria share? - ANSWER:lack of a nuclear envelope
presence of plasma membrane
Multicellularity and large body size of eukaryotic organisms require high metabolic rates and efficient
ATP production by aerobic respiration. How did bacteria change Earth's atmosphere to enable aerobic
respiration? - ANSWER:Oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria significantly increased the amount of
oxygen in the atmosphere.
Which of the following are characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria? - ANSWER:Nerve Net
