IAAP CPACC CERTIFICATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
Medical Model of Disability - ANSWER-Presents a view that pairs the problem of a
person with direct link to the trauma, disease, or health condition
Medical Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Addresses the biological
sources of disabilities and can provide ways to medically manage the condition
Cons: Ignores the sociopolitical and environmental factors of disability; problem of the
individual
Social Model of Disability - ANSWER-Disability is not a characteristic of the individual
but the conditions that the social environment creates that prohibit the full integration of
the individual.
Social Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Focus on the disabling
conditions in the environment and clearing barriers that are disabling people from using
society in the way designed, the individual is not "broken"
Cons: Can downplay the embodied characteristics of disability, Can push disability
advocacy into a polarizing political space
Biophysical Model of Disability - ANSWER-A combination of the social and medical
models to create a more complex and broad view of disability in order to not diminish
one aspect for another
Economic Model of Disability - ANSWER-Defined by the individual not being able to
participate in work, ability or inability to contribute to the economy, assessed by the loss
in productivity and consequences for the individual, employer, and economy; directly
related to the charity model
Economic Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Recognizes the bodily
limitations on work and that economic support may be needed
Cons: Creates a legally defined group of "needy" people which can be stigmatizing and
also leave people out that do not meet the legal threshold for disabled but need support
Functional Solutions Model of Disability - ANSWER-Identifications of the limitations
("functional impairments") that the disability creates with the intent to find solutions to
overcome those barriers and reduce the limitations through innovation
,Functional Solutions Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Results-
oriented and seeks solutions to real problems without diving into the sociopolitical
implications, encourages innovation and entrepreneurship
Cons: Can shift cost burden to the person instead of the building or organization; profit
driven can cause organization to miss the target audience and usefulness, can miss
sociopolitical root cause
Assistive Technology - ANSWER-any item, piece of equipment, or product system,
whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to
increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
Blindness - ANSWER-sightlessness or a loss of vision, legal threshold of 200/20,
acquity of 20 degrees
What is the number of people with vision impairment or blindness - ANSWER-2.2 billon
1 billion is preventable (either unaddressed refractive error, cataracts
What are some examples of assistive technology/solutions for visual impairments? -
ANSWER-screen readers: sites must be properly designed for screen readers to work,
they do not announce text style or color
self voicing interface: broadcasts information but is not interactive
screen magnifier
audio description, speech input, canes, text contrast, braille, raised tiles on ground to
indicate platform
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability - ANSWER-identity by affiliation;
deriving personal identity from membership in a like-minded group (eg. Deaf Culture)
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros:
Accepts the disability completely and uses it as a point of pride
Cons: Can be negated or brought down by feeling excluded by not fitting the groups
expectations
Charity Model of Disability - ANSWER-Sees those with disability as unfortunate or
needy and those that help as charitable and kind contributors
Charity Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: inspires generosity
Cons: condescending, person is an "object of pity", Often short-term fixes that sacrifice
effective long-term solutions for the immediate effectiveness
, Affirmation Model of Disability - ANSWER-encourages people with disabilities to affirm
their identity and to feel comfortable in their own skin, celebrating everything about their
physical identity, including their disabilities
Sociopolitical Model of Disability - ANSWER-activist model that emphasizes the need
for human rights for people with disabilities
Religious or Moral Model of Disability - ANSWER-assumes that disabilities are given to
people as a punishment for actions of either the individual herself or of her parents or
others who have brought this condition upon her or a test given to the person to teach a
lesson
Expert or Profession Model of Disability - ANSWER-a variation of the medical model,
disabilities are meant to be treated and managed by people with expertise and
credentials
Rehabilitation Model of Disability - ANSWER-emphasis on therapy or rehabilitation for
the person with a disability to improve the person's ability to function and compensate
for the disability
How many people have a disability? - ANSWER-20% or 1 in 5 have some kind of
disability
Temporary Disability - ANSWER-injury, incident, or surgery that temporarily changes a
persons ability level
Low Vision - ANSWER-vision that interferes w/ what you need to do, cannot be
corrected
causes:
cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, hemianopsia, macular degeneration, retinal
detachment
What is the percent of the world population with low vision? - ANSWER-3.5% world pop.
246 million pepole
Color Blindness - ANSWER-inability to distinguish between certain kinds of colors,
especially colors that are of equal brightness or luminosity
What is the most common form of color blindness? - ANSWER-Red-Green
also called deuteranopia and protanopia
affects people mainly with Northern European ancestry (1 in 12 males and 1 in 200
females)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
Medical Model of Disability - ANSWER-Presents a view that pairs the problem of a
person with direct link to the trauma, disease, or health condition
Medical Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Addresses the biological
sources of disabilities and can provide ways to medically manage the condition
Cons: Ignores the sociopolitical and environmental factors of disability; problem of the
individual
Social Model of Disability - ANSWER-Disability is not a characteristic of the individual
but the conditions that the social environment creates that prohibit the full integration of
the individual.
Social Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Focus on the disabling
conditions in the environment and clearing barriers that are disabling people from using
society in the way designed, the individual is not "broken"
Cons: Can downplay the embodied characteristics of disability, Can push disability
advocacy into a polarizing political space
Biophysical Model of Disability - ANSWER-A combination of the social and medical
models to create a more complex and broad view of disability in order to not diminish
one aspect for another
Economic Model of Disability - ANSWER-Defined by the individual not being able to
participate in work, ability or inability to contribute to the economy, assessed by the loss
in productivity and consequences for the individual, employer, and economy; directly
related to the charity model
Economic Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Recognizes the bodily
limitations on work and that economic support may be needed
Cons: Creates a legally defined group of "needy" people which can be stigmatizing and
also leave people out that do not meet the legal threshold for disabled but need support
Functional Solutions Model of Disability - ANSWER-Identifications of the limitations
("functional impairments") that the disability creates with the intent to find solutions to
overcome those barriers and reduce the limitations through innovation
,Functional Solutions Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: Results-
oriented and seeks solutions to real problems without diving into the sociopolitical
implications, encourages innovation and entrepreneurship
Cons: Can shift cost burden to the person instead of the building or organization; profit
driven can cause organization to miss the target audience and usefulness, can miss
sociopolitical root cause
Assistive Technology - ANSWER-any item, piece of equipment, or product system,
whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to
increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
Blindness - ANSWER-sightlessness or a loss of vision, legal threshold of 200/20,
acquity of 20 degrees
What is the number of people with vision impairment or blindness - ANSWER-2.2 billon
1 billion is preventable (either unaddressed refractive error, cataracts
What are some examples of assistive technology/solutions for visual impairments? -
ANSWER-screen readers: sites must be properly designed for screen readers to work,
they do not announce text style or color
self voicing interface: broadcasts information but is not interactive
screen magnifier
audio description, speech input, canes, text contrast, braille, raised tiles on ground to
indicate platform
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability - ANSWER-identity by affiliation;
deriving personal identity from membership in a like-minded group (eg. Deaf Culture)
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros:
Accepts the disability completely and uses it as a point of pride
Cons: Can be negated or brought down by feeling excluded by not fitting the groups
expectations
Charity Model of Disability - ANSWER-Sees those with disability as unfortunate or
needy and those that help as charitable and kind contributors
Charity Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANSWER-Pros: inspires generosity
Cons: condescending, person is an "object of pity", Often short-term fixes that sacrifice
effective long-term solutions for the immediate effectiveness
, Affirmation Model of Disability - ANSWER-encourages people with disabilities to affirm
their identity and to feel comfortable in their own skin, celebrating everything about their
physical identity, including their disabilities
Sociopolitical Model of Disability - ANSWER-activist model that emphasizes the need
for human rights for people with disabilities
Religious or Moral Model of Disability - ANSWER-assumes that disabilities are given to
people as a punishment for actions of either the individual herself or of her parents or
others who have brought this condition upon her or a test given to the person to teach a
lesson
Expert or Profession Model of Disability - ANSWER-a variation of the medical model,
disabilities are meant to be treated and managed by people with expertise and
credentials
Rehabilitation Model of Disability - ANSWER-emphasis on therapy or rehabilitation for
the person with a disability to improve the person's ability to function and compensate
for the disability
How many people have a disability? - ANSWER-20% or 1 in 5 have some kind of
disability
Temporary Disability - ANSWER-injury, incident, or surgery that temporarily changes a
persons ability level
Low Vision - ANSWER-vision that interferes w/ what you need to do, cannot be
corrected
causes:
cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, hemianopsia, macular degeneration, retinal
detachment
What is the percent of the world population with low vision? - ANSWER-3.5% world pop.
246 million pepole
Color Blindness - ANSWER-inability to distinguish between certain kinds of colors,
especially colors that are of equal brightness or luminosity
What is the most common form of color blindness? - ANSWER-Red-Green
also called deuteranopia and protanopia
affects people mainly with Northern European ancestry (1 in 12 males and 1 in 200
females)
