ERTH 2415 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Natural Disaster - ANSWER An extreme natural event in which a large
amount of energy is released in a short time with catastrophic consequences
for life and infrastructure in the vicinity
Society Ignores Natural Hazards - ANSWER Natural disasters are often
triggered when __________
Natural Hazard - ANSWER A source of danger that exists in the environment
and that has the potential to cause harm
Disasters - ANSWER __________ occur when hazards meet vulnerability
Vulnerability - ANSWER Likelihood that a community will suffer, both in
terms of fatalities and physical damage, when exposed to hazards in the
environment
Frequency - ANSWER Number of similar events per unit time (x number of
occurrences per year)
Return Period - ANSWER The length of time between similar events (x
amount of time between events)
Magnitude - ANSWER Amount of energy fuelling a natural event such as
force of hurricane winds or amplitude of ground motion during an
earthquake
Low - ANSWER __________ magnitude events occur frequently/short return
period
,High - ANSWER __________ magnitude events are rare/long return period
Disasters - ANSWER __________ occur where and when the earth's natural
processes concentrate and release energy suddenly
Earth's Internal Energy, Gravity, Solar Energy, Impact Energy - ANSWER Four
energy sources that fuel the Earth's natural processes
Gravity - ANSWER Force of attraction between two masses (m1 and m2),
separated by a distance (r)
Solar Nebula - ANSWER Rotating flattened cloud of gas and dust from which
the sun and the rest of the bodies in the solar system formed
4.6 Billion - ANSWER All planets formed at the same time __________
Differentiation - ANSWER The process by which gravity causes denser
material to gradually migrate to the center of a planet
Surface - ANSWER Density of a planet increases from __________ to center
Solid Iron - ANSWER Inner core of the earth is very dense, composed of
__________
Liquid Iron - ANSWER Outer core of the earth is very dense, composed of
__________
Iron and Magnesium - ANSWER The dense mantle of the earth is composed
of __________
Silicon and Oxygen - ANSWER The least dense layer of the earth, called the
crust is composed of __________
Residual Impact Energy - ANSWER The center of the earth is hot due to
__________ from planetary accretion
,Decreasing - ANSWER The number of man-made disasters has been __________
in recent years
Increasing - ANSWER The number of great natural disasters is __________ with
time
Increasing - ANSWER Weather related disasters are __________ with time
Constant - ANSWER The rate of geological disasters is __________ over time
Increasing - ANSWER The number of natural disaster fatalities is __________
with time
Increasing - ANSWER Economic losses from natural disasters are __________
with time
Increasing - ANSWER The number of natural disasters in Canada is __________
with time
Decreasing - ANSWER The number of natural disaster fatalities in Canada is
__________ with time
Weather Related Disasters - ANSWER In Canada, economic losses are mostly
due to __________
Risk - ANSWER Vulnerability x Hazard
Low, High - ANSWER A severe hazard associated with __________ vulnerability
has a lower risk than a severe hazard associated with __________ vulnerability
Vancouver - ANSWER Seismic risk in Canada is highest is __________
Response - ANSWER Immediate actions taken after a disaster has occurred to
put the event under control
, Response - ANSWER A forest firefighter suppresses a nascent fire with an axe
is an example of __________
Recovery - ANSWER Middle-term activities to put the situation back to
normal after a disaster
Recovery - ANSWER Removing debris after a mass movement to reopen a
transport corridor is an example of __________
Mitigation - ANSWER Long term actions taken to reduce risk
Structural Mitigation - ANSWER Building protective infrastructure such as
dams, dykes and floodways is an example of __________
Structural Mitigation - ANSWER Schools in Victoria, BC currently being
strengthened in order to better withstand earthquakes is an example of
__________
Non Structural Mitigation - ANSWER Land use policies, severe weather
warnings, National Building Code of Canada, and education including
evacuation drills are all example of __________
Preparedness - ANSWER Planning for disasters by putting in place resources
to cope with them when they occur
Preparedness - ANSWER Putting together a home emergency kit is an
example of __________
All Hazards Emergency Management - ANSWER Increases efficiency by
recognizing and integrating common emergency management elements
across hazard types
Climate Change - ANSWER __________ increases the frequency and magnitude
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Natural Disaster - ANSWER An extreme natural event in which a large
amount of energy is released in a short time with catastrophic consequences
for life and infrastructure in the vicinity
Society Ignores Natural Hazards - ANSWER Natural disasters are often
triggered when __________
Natural Hazard - ANSWER A source of danger that exists in the environment
and that has the potential to cause harm
Disasters - ANSWER __________ occur when hazards meet vulnerability
Vulnerability - ANSWER Likelihood that a community will suffer, both in
terms of fatalities and physical damage, when exposed to hazards in the
environment
Frequency - ANSWER Number of similar events per unit time (x number of
occurrences per year)
Return Period - ANSWER The length of time between similar events (x
amount of time between events)
Magnitude - ANSWER Amount of energy fuelling a natural event such as
force of hurricane winds or amplitude of ground motion during an
earthquake
Low - ANSWER __________ magnitude events occur frequently/short return
period
,High - ANSWER __________ magnitude events are rare/long return period
Disasters - ANSWER __________ occur where and when the earth's natural
processes concentrate and release energy suddenly
Earth's Internal Energy, Gravity, Solar Energy, Impact Energy - ANSWER Four
energy sources that fuel the Earth's natural processes
Gravity - ANSWER Force of attraction between two masses (m1 and m2),
separated by a distance (r)
Solar Nebula - ANSWER Rotating flattened cloud of gas and dust from which
the sun and the rest of the bodies in the solar system formed
4.6 Billion - ANSWER All planets formed at the same time __________
Differentiation - ANSWER The process by which gravity causes denser
material to gradually migrate to the center of a planet
Surface - ANSWER Density of a planet increases from __________ to center
Solid Iron - ANSWER Inner core of the earth is very dense, composed of
__________
Liquid Iron - ANSWER Outer core of the earth is very dense, composed of
__________
Iron and Magnesium - ANSWER The dense mantle of the earth is composed
of __________
Silicon and Oxygen - ANSWER The least dense layer of the earth, called the
crust is composed of __________
Residual Impact Energy - ANSWER The center of the earth is hot due to
__________ from planetary accretion
,Decreasing - ANSWER The number of man-made disasters has been __________
in recent years
Increasing - ANSWER The number of great natural disasters is __________ with
time
Increasing - ANSWER Weather related disasters are __________ with time
Constant - ANSWER The rate of geological disasters is __________ over time
Increasing - ANSWER The number of natural disaster fatalities is __________
with time
Increasing - ANSWER Economic losses from natural disasters are __________
with time
Increasing - ANSWER The number of natural disasters in Canada is __________
with time
Decreasing - ANSWER The number of natural disaster fatalities in Canada is
__________ with time
Weather Related Disasters - ANSWER In Canada, economic losses are mostly
due to __________
Risk - ANSWER Vulnerability x Hazard
Low, High - ANSWER A severe hazard associated with __________ vulnerability
has a lower risk than a severe hazard associated with __________ vulnerability
Vancouver - ANSWER Seismic risk in Canada is highest is __________
Response - ANSWER Immediate actions taken after a disaster has occurred to
put the event under control
, Response - ANSWER A forest firefighter suppresses a nascent fire with an axe
is an example of __________
Recovery - ANSWER Middle-term activities to put the situation back to
normal after a disaster
Recovery - ANSWER Removing debris after a mass movement to reopen a
transport corridor is an example of __________
Mitigation - ANSWER Long term actions taken to reduce risk
Structural Mitigation - ANSWER Building protective infrastructure such as
dams, dykes and floodways is an example of __________
Structural Mitigation - ANSWER Schools in Victoria, BC currently being
strengthened in order to better withstand earthquakes is an example of
__________
Non Structural Mitigation - ANSWER Land use policies, severe weather
warnings, National Building Code of Canada, and education including
evacuation drills are all example of __________
Preparedness - ANSWER Planning for disasters by putting in place resources
to cope with them when they occur
Preparedness - ANSWER Putting together a home emergency kit is an
example of __________
All Hazards Emergency Management - ANSWER Increases efficiency by
recognizing and integrating common emergency management elements
across hazard types
Climate Change - ANSWER __________ increases the frequency and magnitude
