NURS 611 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1
Desmosomes - ✔️✔️Junctions that hold cells together by continuous bands or belts of
epithelial sheets or button-like points of contact.
Hyperplasia - ✔️✔️Liver cell regeneration, endometrial.
Metaplasia - ✔️✔️Barrets Esophagus, bronchial changes d/t smoking. Reversible!
Osmolality - ✔️✔️The concentration of all particles in a fluid.
Sodium - ✔️✔️Responsible for depolarization and controls water going in or out of
cells.
Potassium - ✔️✔️Responsible for re-polarization.
Calcium - ✔️✔️Responsible for muscle contraction.
Magnesium - ✔️✔️Also involved in muscle contraction. Be careful in renal failure.
Phosphate - ✔️✔️Decreased levels lead to decreased 2/3 DPG, decreased ATP, and
decreased oxygen to tissues. Inadequate absorption with vitamin D deficiency.
Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis - ✔️✔️Non-energy forms of transport.
Active Transport - ✔️✔️Energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane,
example is Na/K pump.
Hypotonic Fluid - ✔️✔️Causes cells to swell.
Hypertonic Fluid - ✔️✔️Causes cells to srhink.
36 ATP - ✔️✔️How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?
2 ATP - ✔️✔️How much ATP can anaerobic respiration make?
Hypoxia - ✔️✔️#1 cause of cellular injury.
Lactic Acid - ✔️✔️Indication of cell death. Build up leads to metabolic acidosis.
Exam 1
Desmosomes - ✔️✔️Junctions that hold cells together by continuous bands or belts of
epithelial sheets or button-like points of contact.
Hyperplasia - ✔️✔️Liver cell regeneration, endometrial.
Metaplasia - ✔️✔️Barrets Esophagus, bronchial changes d/t smoking. Reversible!
Osmolality - ✔️✔️The concentration of all particles in a fluid.
Sodium - ✔️✔️Responsible for depolarization and controls water going in or out of
cells.
Potassium - ✔️✔️Responsible for re-polarization.
Calcium - ✔️✔️Responsible for muscle contraction.
Magnesium - ✔️✔️Also involved in muscle contraction. Be careful in renal failure.
Phosphate - ✔️✔️Decreased levels lead to decreased 2/3 DPG, decreased ATP, and
decreased oxygen to tissues. Inadequate absorption with vitamin D deficiency.
Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis - ✔️✔️Non-energy forms of transport.
Active Transport - ✔️✔️Energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane,
example is Na/K pump.
Hypotonic Fluid - ✔️✔️Causes cells to swell.
Hypertonic Fluid - ✔️✔️Causes cells to srhink.
36 ATP - ✔️✔️How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?
2 ATP - ✔️✔️How much ATP can anaerobic respiration make?
Hypoxia - ✔️✔️#1 cause of cellular injury.
Lactic Acid - ✔️✔️Indication of cell death. Build up leads to metabolic acidosis.
