Unit 1 Biochemistry Rated A+

Unit 1 Biochemistry Rated A+ Carbohydrate ️️Key source of energy, contain C, H, and O Monosaccharide (Simple Sugar) ️️Building blocks of carbohydrates, single molecule of sugar (glucose) Disaccharide ️️Two simple sugars combined together (table sugar) Polysaccharide ️️Three or more simple sugars combined together (starch, cellulose, glycogen) Lipid ️️Insoluble in water, stores energy, contains C, H and O, important in cell membrane structure and function Phospholipid ️️Cell membrane Fats ️️Lipids that store energy, saturated (solids), unsaturated (liquids) Steroids ️️Cholesterol, sex hormones Proteins ️️1. Building and burning molecules 2. Contain C, H, O, and N 3. Amino acids are basic building blocks of proteins 4. Enzymes are important proteins 5. Play important role in interactions in cellular processes Nucleic Acids ️️Long chains of smaller molecules called nucleotides. (Contain sugar, nitrogen base and phosphate) DNA v. RNA (Nucleic Acid) ️️DNA stores genetic information RNA role in manufacturing proteins Energy ️️The ability to move or change matter, can be stored or released by chemical reactions ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ️️Energy molecule that can store or release energy for a cell Enzymes ️️1. Special proteins that help speed up chemical reactions (catalyst) 2. Act on specific substrates to help in a chemical reaction 3. Increase speed of reactions by lowering activation energy Enzymes in Chemical Reaction ️️1. Each substrate fits into an enzyme active site 2. Enzymes are reusable 3. Temp, pH, and concentration of substrates affect enzyme activity Active Site ️️A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds the substrate to the active site Induced Fit ️️A change in the shape of an enzymes active site, induced by the substrate Temperature & pH Effect on Enzymes ️️1. High temp are the most dangerous reactions and denature enzymes. Enzymes like 37° C 2. Enzymes like a pH from 6-8 Atom ️️Smallest piece of matter, consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons Element ️️Pure substances consisting of one type of atom Compound ️️Consist of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds Covalent Bonds ️️Sharing of electrons (molecules) Ionic Bonds ️️Transfer of electrons Hydrogen Bonds ️️Weak chemical attraction between polar molecules (+ & -) Polarity ️️A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed The Scientific Method ️️1. Problem/Question 2. Observation/Research 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Collect/Analyze Results 6. Conclusion 7. Communicate Results Cohesion ️️Attraction between molecules of the same substance Adhesion ️️Attraction between molecules of different substances Solute v. Solvent ️️Solute is being dissolved Solvent is the dissolving medium Molecule ️️A compound that contains only covalent bonds Acid vs. Base ️️Acids are compounds that dissociate to release H+ Bases are compounds that increase OH- concentration Metabolism ️️The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in cells Protein Test ️️Biuret Solution