Anatomy I- Unit 3 Basic Biochemistry

Anatomy I- Unit 3 Basic Biochemistry What are the components of a triglyceride? ️️ Glycerol and three fatty acids. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? ️️ To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. What is the main structural difference between RNA and DNA? ️️ RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine. What is the function of histones in the cell nucleus? ️️ To package and organize DNA into chromatin. What is the main purpose of fermentation in cells? ️️ To regenerate NAD⁺ for glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. What is the function of bile in digestion? ️️ To emulsify fats, aiding in their digestion and absorption. What is the name of the process by which plants lose water through small openings in their leaves? ️️ Transpiration. What are the two main stages of cellular respiration? ️️ Glycolysis and aerobic respiration (including the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain). What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis? ️️ Chlorophyll. What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids? ️️ Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet, while non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body. What is the function of aquaporins in the cell membrane? ️️ To facilitate the movement of water across the membrane. What is the role of the enzyme amylase in digestion? ️️ To break down starch into maltose and other simple sugars. What is the chemical bond that forms between fatty acids and glycerol in lipids? ️️ Ester bond. What is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template? ️️ Transcription. What is the main source of nitrogen in the human diet? ️️ Proteins. What is the function of the Krebs (citric acid) cycle in cellular respiration? ️️ To generate NADH and FADH₂ for the electron transport chain and produce a small amount of ATP. What is the role of the enzyme ribonuclease? ️️ To break down RNA into smaller components. What is the importance of hydrogen bonds in protein structure? ️️ They stabilize the secondary structure, such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets. What is the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication? ️️ To join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope? ️️ To protect the DNA and regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus. Biochemistry ️️Study of the chemical interactions between living things. Study the structures and physical properties of biological molecules. ️️Organize data and try to understand it from experiment Draw Conclusions ️️Decide results of the experiments support hypothesis Form a hypothesis ️️Prediction/guess to the question Ask a question ️️Purpose based on observation made Scientific Method ️️Steps scientists use to answer questions/ problems form their observations Control ️️An experiment for a new asthma medication was set up into two groups. Group one was given the new drug for asthma, while group 2 was given a sugar pill. The sugar pill serves as Control groups allow comparisons between subjects receiving a treatment and those receiving no treatment. ️️True Testable questions contain a cause and effect relationship ️️True