Basic Biochemistry Guaranteed Success

Basic Biochemistry Guaranteed Success What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids? ️️ Nucleotides. What is the chemical formula of glucose? ️️ C₆H₁₂O₆. What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together? ️️ Peptide bond. What are the two main types of fatty acids? ️️ Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. What is the role of water in biochemical reactions? ️️ It acts as a solvent and participates in hydrolysis and condensation reactions. What are the four levels of protein structure? ️️ Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. What is the most abundant molecule in the human body? ️️ Water. What process converts glucose into pyruvate? ️️ Glycolysis. What are the two main components of a phospholipid? ️️ A glycerol backbone with two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group. What is the primary function of hemoglobin? ️️ To transport oxygen in the blood. What is the main site of energy production in eukaryotic cells? ️️ The mitochondria. What type of reaction links monomers to form polymers? ️️ Condensation (dehydration synthesis). What is the enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA? ️️ DNA polymerase. What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? ️️ Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism builds molecules using energy. What are the two stages of photosynthesis? ️️ The light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. What molecule carries electrons in cellular respiration? ️️ NADH and FADH₂. What is the structural difference between alpha and beta glucose? ️️ The position of the hydroxyl group on the first carbon. What is the main role of ATP synthase in cells? ️️ To synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi during cellular respiration. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ To synthesize and process proteins. What type of molecule are steroids classified as? ️️ Lipids. Atom ️️basic unit of matter Nucleus ️️center of atom electron ️️negatively charged particle in electron cloud(atomic number = number of protons) proton ️️positively charged particle at center of atom(atomic number & number of electrons) element ️️pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. isotopes ️️atoms that differ in the number of neutrons they contain radioactive isotopes ️️nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time compound ️️substance formed by 2 or more elements in definite proportions ionic bind ️️one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another ions ️️electrically charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons. covalent bond ️️a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule molecule ️️two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds van der Waals forces ️️intermolecule force of attraction polar substance ️️molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed (cell membrane is non polar and surrounds cells in our body; some animals use oils to waterproof themselves) hydrogen bond ️️attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge Properties of Water ️️great solvent high heat capacity polar substance less dense as solid surface tension strong adhesion cohesion cohesion ️️attraction between molecules of the same substance(allows water and other liquids to be transported throughout organisms) adhesion ️️attraction between molecules of different substances(from hydrogen bonds) surface Tension ️️resistance on top from hydrogen bonds (organisms use tension