Biol 2051 Exam 1 ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
An important assumption of molecular sequence comparisons to generate phylogenies is
_____ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- species that share a more recent common ancestor will
have fewer differences than species that have been separated for longer periods of time
The cell wall is constructed _____ in all three domains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
differently
If there are 5 nucleotide differences between species A and B, 12 between species A and C,
and 14 between species B and C, one can conclude _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
species A and B shared a common ancestor after they shared a common ancestor with C
Which came first: DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- RNA
What is the most likely sequence of events that took place to generate the first cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Form RNA; Form catalytic molecules; Assemble membranes
Bacteria are able to occupy more habitats than eukaryal cells because they - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- have greater metabolic diversity
Anoxygenic photosynthesis differs from oxygenic photosynthesis in that - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- anoxygenic photosynthesis does not produce oxygen, while oxygenic
photosynthesis does
What are Koch's postulates? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -The microbe must be isolated and
cultured in the lab.
-The microbe must be found in all organisms with the disease, and absent in all organisms
without the disease.
-When inoculated into a susceptible host, the microbe must cause the disease.
Pasteur's famous experiment with swan-necked flasks showed - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
broiling broth media killed whatever microorganisms may have been present; whatever was
, responsible for causing broths to turn turbid came from the air (bacteria do not spontaneously
generate)
An important finding from Edward Jenner's vaccination experiment is - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- immunity to one microorganism can be conferred by exposure to a closely
related microorganism.
The key features of living organisms include - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -metabolism and
growth
-reproduction and genetic variation
-ability to respond to external stimuli
-homeostasis
Macromolecule types found in all cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- polysaccharides,
proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Repeating subunits of proteins are called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- amino acids
Polysaccharides are composed of repeating units called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
monosaccharides
Lipids are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a hydrocarbon chain linked to a
glycerol molecule.
The domains of living organisms include - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -eukarya - cells that
have a membrane-bound nucleus
-archaea - simple, single celled organisms that manufacture mRNA and proteins in a manner
similar to eukaryotes
-bacteria - simple single celled organisms that synthesize mRNA and proteins
Why are microbes useful models in research? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Many microbes
can grow rapidly on inexpensive media and be genetically manipulated easily; can be
cultivated in lab; have metabolic and regulatory pathways that are very similar to those found
CORRECT Answers
An important assumption of molecular sequence comparisons to generate phylogenies is
_____ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- species that share a more recent common ancestor will
have fewer differences than species that have been separated for longer periods of time
The cell wall is constructed _____ in all three domains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
differently
If there are 5 nucleotide differences between species A and B, 12 between species A and C,
and 14 between species B and C, one can conclude _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
species A and B shared a common ancestor after they shared a common ancestor with C
Which came first: DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- RNA
What is the most likely sequence of events that took place to generate the first cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Form RNA; Form catalytic molecules; Assemble membranes
Bacteria are able to occupy more habitats than eukaryal cells because they - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- have greater metabolic diversity
Anoxygenic photosynthesis differs from oxygenic photosynthesis in that - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- anoxygenic photosynthesis does not produce oxygen, while oxygenic
photosynthesis does
What are Koch's postulates? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -The microbe must be isolated and
cultured in the lab.
-The microbe must be found in all organisms with the disease, and absent in all organisms
without the disease.
-When inoculated into a susceptible host, the microbe must cause the disease.
Pasteur's famous experiment with swan-necked flasks showed - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
broiling broth media killed whatever microorganisms may have been present; whatever was
, responsible for causing broths to turn turbid came from the air (bacteria do not spontaneously
generate)
An important finding from Edward Jenner's vaccination experiment is - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- immunity to one microorganism can be conferred by exposure to a closely
related microorganism.
The key features of living organisms include - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -metabolism and
growth
-reproduction and genetic variation
-ability to respond to external stimuli
-homeostasis
Macromolecule types found in all cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- polysaccharides,
proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Repeating subunits of proteins are called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- amino acids
Polysaccharides are composed of repeating units called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
monosaccharides
Lipids are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a hydrocarbon chain linked to a
glycerol molecule.
The domains of living organisms include - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -eukarya - cells that
have a membrane-bound nucleus
-archaea - simple, single celled organisms that manufacture mRNA and proteins in a manner
similar to eukaryotes
-bacteria - simple single celled organisms that synthesize mRNA and proteins
Why are microbes useful models in research? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Many microbes
can grow rapidly on inexpensive media and be genetically manipulated easily; can be
cultivated in lab; have metabolic and regulatory pathways that are very similar to those found
