PSYC 351 Chapter 4: Classical
Conditioning Mechanisms fully solved
graded A+
Explain the difference between S-S learning and S-R learning. - correct answer ✔✔In S-S learning, the CS
links to the US; acts as an extension of it when learning occurs.
In S-R learning, the CS predicts the US, and the US is not required. The CS produces the CR
independently
Describe the evidence in support of S-S learning. - correct answer ✔✔If the CS is a substitute for the US,
the nature of the CR is determined by the US. Prediction that CS's conditioned with different US will elicit
different types of CR.
Explain how the nature of the CR is dependent on the CS with the rat box study. - correct answer ✔✔A
rat is put in a box as a home, A smaller box containing another rat is carried into the first rat's box, which
generally elicits displeasure in the first rat. However, when the second rat entering the box predicts food,
the response towards the other rat is affiliative
Explain the devaluing experiment on rats. - correct answer ✔✔rats were conditioned to predict a light
with receiving food. They were then split into 2 groups; the first group was given alot of food (more than
needed), and the second group was given a low/regular amount of food. Results showed that rats given
more food than needed produced a smaller CR
Describe higher-order conditioning. Provide an example. - correct answer ✔✔Having more than 1 CS. eg:
A dog associates a leash with going for a walk. However, needing to put on gloves and a hat becomes the
second CS, as it predicts the leash, which predicts a walk. In this case, putting on a hat and gloves
predicts a walk
Describe sensory pre conditioning. Provide an example. - correct answer ✔✔Similar to higher order
conditioning, but CS2 and CS1 are paired BEFORE conditioning. In dog walk example, putting gloves and
a hat on was paired with a leash, so that when a leash became predictive of a walk, so did putting gloves
and hat on.
Conditioning Mechanisms fully solved
graded A+
Explain the difference between S-S learning and S-R learning. - correct answer ✔✔In S-S learning, the CS
links to the US; acts as an extension of it when learning occurs.
In S-R learning, the CS predicts the US, and the US is not required. The CS produces the CR
independently
Describe the evidence in support of S-S learning. - correct answer ✔✔If the CS is a substitute for the US,
the nature of the CR is determined by the US. Prediction that CS's conditioned with different US will elicit
different types of CR.
Explain how the nature of the CR is dependent on the CS with the rat box study. - correct answer ✔✔A
rat is put in a box as a home, A smaller box containing another rat is carried into the first rat's box, which
generally elicits displeasure in the first rat. However, when the second rat entering the box predicts food,
the response towards the other rat is affiliative
Explain the devaluing experiment on rats. - correct answer ✔✔rats were conditioned to predict a light
with receiving food. They were then split into 2 groups; the first group was given alot of food (more than
needed), and the second group was given a low/regular amount of food. Results showed that rats given
more food than needed produced a smaller CR
Describe higher-order conditioning. Provide an example. - correct answer ✔✔Having more than 1 CS. eg:
A dog associates a leash with going for a walk. However, needing to put on gloves and a hat becomes the
second CS, as it predicts the leash, which predicts a walk. In this case, putting on a hat and gloves
predicts a walk
Describe sensory pre conditioning. Provide an example. - correct answer ✔✔Similar to higher order
conditioning, but CS2 and CS1 are paired BEFORE conditioning. In dog walk example, putting gloves and
a hat on was paired with a leash, so that when a leash became predictive of a walk, so did putting gloves
and hat on.
