Pathophysiology Final Exam Part 2
STUDY GUIDE LATEST GUIDE SOLUTION.
What are these Signs and Symptoms of
Confusion, stupor, or coma caused by high nitrogenous wastes affecting
brain.
Bruising caused by thrombocytopenia.
Fatigue and dyspnea on exertion caused by anemia.
Edema caused by fluid overload.
Lack of urine output.
Muscle spasms or seizures caused by hypocalcemia.
Amenorrhea, male and female infertility caused by lack of excretion of sex
hormones.
Sex hormones negatively feed back to organs.
Chronic Renal Failure
What are the assessment findings of Acute Renal Failure?
High blood pressure.
Oliguria.
Edema.
Pallor.
Dyspnea.
Muscle spasms or seizure.
Treatment for renal failure?
hemodialysis and renal transplant
Organs of filtration and secretion
Kidneys receive 20%-25% of CO
GFR reduction with aging
Also play a role in
Acid/base balance, bp regulation
,RBC formation, drug metabolism
Hormone metabolism vitamin d synthesis
e/f management
Kidneys
What is the kidney function?
Erythropoietin
complications of Chronic renal failure
Oliguria-decreased urine
Urological Disorders
Oliguria
Reduced urine output: less than 400ml per day
There are many different etiologies and risk factors for CRF. Many different
conditions can lead to CRF. The two most common are
DM and HTN.
• Family history of kidney disease
• Age greater than 60 years
• Atherosclerosis
• Bladder obstruction
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
• Congenital kidney disease
• Diabetes
• HTN
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Overexposure to some toxins
, • Sickle cell disease
• Nephrotoxic medications
Oliguria
o Uremic encephalopathy
o Proteinuria
o Hypoalbuminemia
o Edema
o Fluid overload
o Oliguria
o Electrolyte imbalances
o Hemolysis
o Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
o Decreased vitamin D
o Hypertension
o Metabolic acidosis
o Hyperkalemia
o Hypocalcemia
o Hyperphosphatemia
o Hyperparathyroidism
o (due to Ca++ loss, leads to renal osteodystrophy)
Complications of CRF-chronic renal failure
Ureter, bladder, urethra, also prostate
STUDY GUIDE LATEST GUIDE SOLUTION.
What are these Signs and Symptoms of
Confusion, stupor, or coma caused by high nitrogenous wastes affecting
brain.
Bruising caused by thrombocytopenia.
Fatigue and dyspnea on exertion caused by anemia.
Edema caused by fluid overload.
Lack of urine output.
Muscle spasms or seizures caused by hypocalcemia.
Amenorrhea, male and female infertility caused by lack of excretion of sex
hormones.
Sex hormones negatively feed back to organs.
Chronic Renal Failure
What are the assessment findings of Acute Renal Failure?
High blood pressure.
Oliguria.
Edema.
Pallor.
Dyspnea.
Muscle spasms or seizure.
Treatment for renal failure?
hemodialysis and renal transplant
Organs of filtration and secretion
Kidneys receive 20%-25% of CO
GFR reduction with aging
Also play a role in
Acid/base balance, bp regulation
,RBC formation, drug metabolism
Hormone metabolism vitamin d synthesis
e/f management
Kidneys
What is the kidney function?
Erythropoietin
complications of Chronic renal failure
Oliguria-decreased urine
Urological Disorders
Oliguria
Reduced urine output: less than 400ml per day
There are many different etiologies and risk factors for CRF. Many different
conditions can lead to CRF. The two most common are
DM and HTN.
• Family history of kidney disease
• Age greater than 60 years
• Atherosclerosis
• Bladder obstruction
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
• Congenital kidney disease
• Diabetes
• HTN
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Overexposure to some toxins
, • Sickle cell disease
• Nephrotoxic medications
Oliguria
o Uremic encephalopathy
o Proteinuria
o Hypoalbuminemia
o Edema
o Fluid overload
o Oliguria
o Electrolyte imbalances
o Hemolysis
o Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
o Decreased vitamin D
o Hypertension
o Metabolic acidosis
o Hyperkalemia
o Hypocalcemia
o Hyperphosphatemia
o Hyperparathyroidism
o (due to Ca++ loss, leads to renal osteodystrophy)
Complications of CRF-chronic renal failure
Ureter, bladder, urethra, also prostate
