NURS 270 (NUTRITION) TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Malnutrition
answers: Lack of sufficient nutrients in the body, caused by not having enough to
eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one
does eat
Untreated malnutrition can cause physical or mental disability and increases risk of
disease and mortality
answers: Treatment must address any underlying conditions and replace missing
nutrients
MALNUTRITION: TYPES
Overnutrition: someone is getting too much calories = obesity = without
micronutrients = disrupts metabolism = form of malnutrition
answers: Undernutrition: lack of micro and maybe macronutrients
wasting: starvation
stunting: chronic malnutrition in children, growth is stunted from lack of
micro/macronutrients
answers: severe forms of acute malnutrition = marasmus: chronic starvation: no
calories/proteins, kwashiorkor: acute due to specific disease event, ex. sepsis
MALNUTRITION: RISK FACTORS
Medical factors
Being in hospital
Chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, lung disease
Dental problems
Loss of taste and smell
,Losing weight without trying to
Medication side effects
Physical disability
Poor appetite
Poor weight gain in children
Swallowing difficulty
Malabsorption
answers: Lifestyle
Lack of knowledge about food, cooking, and nutrition
Loneliness
Inadequate intake
Food Insecurity
Mental Health
Anxiety
Cognitive decline
Depression
Grief
Eating disorders
MALNUTRITION IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING
answers: ~ 1/3 patients admitted to hospital are malnourished
Will decline further if left untreated
~ 1/3 well-nourished patients may become malnourished during longer hospital
stay
Screen patients
,Adverse outcomes of malnutrition
Increased risk of pressure injury and impaired wound healing
Immune suppression = increased infection
Muscle wasting
answers: Increased length of stay
Higher readmission rates
Higher treatment costs
Starvation-related malnutrition
answers: chronic starvation without inflammation, e.g., anorexia nervosa, no
access to food
Chronic disease-related malnutrition
answers: inflammation is chronic and of mild to moderate degree, e.g., organ
failure, pancreatic cancer, rheumatoid arthritis or sarcopenic obesity: extreme loss
of muscle mass
Acute disease or injury-related malnutrition
answers: inflammation is acute and of severe degree, e.g., major infection, burns,
trauma or closed head injury
MALNUTRITION ALGORITHM
answers: Nutritional risk identified: compromised intake or loss of body mass =
inflammation present? no/yes
HOW DO WE DIAGNOSE MALNUTRITION?
Must have two of six criteria:
, Weight loss: evaluated over a time period
Intake: evaluated over a time period
answers: Loss of muscle
Loss of fat
Fluid accumulation
Functional status
BECOMING MALNOURISHED IN THE HOSPITAL
1. Pt. may become sicker during their hospital stay, due to complications associated
with their disease state, pneumonia = c.diff
answers: 2. Recovery from illness / pain
3. Depressed / anxious in the hospital
4. Don't like the food being served
5. Pt. might be on strict diets
Nutrition Care Process
answers: Screening = nutrition assessment = nutrition diagnosis = nutrition
intervention = nutrition monitoring and evaluation
NURSES DO THE NUTRITION SCREEN!
Nutritionists rely heavily on the RN screen to determine nutrition intervention
Usually includes validated screening questions, may include others:
Decline in appetite past 3 months
answers: Weight loss in past 3 months
Acute illness in past 3 months
COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Malnutrition
answers: Lack of sufficient nutrients in the body, caused by not having enough to
eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one
does eat
Untreated malnutrition can cause physical or mental disability and increases risk of
disease and mortality
answers: Treatment must address any underlying conditions and replace missing
nutrients
MALNUTRITION: TYPES
Overnutrition: someone is getting too much calories = obesity = without
micronutrients = disrupts metabolism = form of malnutrition
answers: Undernutrition: lack of micro and maybe macronutrients
wasting: starvation
stunting: chronic malnutrition in children, growth is stunted from lack of
micro/macronutrients
answers: severe forms of acute malnutrition = marasmus: chronic starvation: no
calories/proteins, kwashiorkor: acute due to specific disease event, ex. sepsis
MALNUTRITION: RISK FACTORS
Medical factors
Being in hospital
Chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, lung disease
Dental problems
Loss of taste and smell
,Losing weight without trying to
Medication side effects
Physical disability
Poor appetite
Poor weight gain in children
Swallowing difficulty
Malabsorption
answers: Lifestyle
Lack of knowledge about food, cooking, and nutrition
Loneliness
Inadequate intake
Food Insecurity
Mental Health
Anxiety
Cognitive decline
Depression
Grief
Eating disorders
MALNUTRITION IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING
answers: ~ 1/3 patients admitted to hospital are malnourished
Will decline further if left untreated
~ 1/3 well-nourished patients may become malnourished during longer hospital
stay
Screen patients
,Adverse outcomes of malnutrition
Increased risk of pressure injury and impaired wound healing
Immune suppression = increased infection
Muscle wasting
answers: Increased length of stay
Higher readmission rates
Higher treatment costs
Starvation-related malnutrition
answers: chronic starvation without inflammation, e.g., anorexia nervosa, no
access to food
Chronic disease-related malnutrition
answers: inflammation is chronic and of mild to moderate degree, e.g., organ
failure, pancreatic cancer, rheumatoid arthritis or sarcopenic obesity: extreme loss
of muscle mass
Acute disease or injury-related malnutrition
answers: inflammation is acute and of severe degree, e.g., major infection, burns,
trauma or closed head injury
MALNUTRITION ALGORITHM
answers: Nutritional risk identified: compromised intake or loss of body mass =
inflammation present? no/yes
HOW DO WE DIAGNOSE MALNUTRITION?
Must have two of six criteria:
, Weight loss: evaluated over a time period
Intake: evaluated over a time period
answers: Loss of muscle
Loss of fat
Fluid accumulation
Functional status
BECOMING MALNOURISHED IN THE HOSPITAL
1. Pt. may become sicker during their hospital stay, due to complications associated
with their disease state, pneumonia = c.diff
answers: 2. Recovery from illness / pain
3. Depressed / anxious in the hospital
4. Don't like the food being served
5. Pt. might be on strict diets
Nutrition Care Process
answers: Screening = nutrition assessment = nutrition diagnosis = nutrition
intervention = nutrition monitoring and evaluation
NURSES DO THE NUTRITION SCREEN!
Nutritionists rely heavily on the RN screen to determine nutrition intervention
Usually includes validated screening questions, may include others:
Decline in appetite past 3 months
answers: Weight loss in past 3 months
Acute illness in past 3 months
