Alabama OTPS Exam | Questions and Answers All Correct

Alabama OTPS Exam | Questions and Answers All Correct Five mains groups of pests. - Correct Answer 1. Insects 2. Snails and slugs 3. Vertebrates 4. Plant disease agents 5. Weeds Pest - Correct Answer living things that compete with human beings for food, fiber, and space or attach humans directly Hosts - Correct Answer living plants or animals some pests depend on for survival Name two identifying characteristics common to all adult insects - Correct Answer Six jointed legs Three body regions Two characteristics which aid in distinguishing one insect from another - Correct Answer Wings Mouthparts Explain the differences between the basic life cycles of insects - Correct Answer Some change only in size as they develop Some change form slightly Some change completely in form and size Gradual Life Cycle - Correct Answer Eggs - Nymph - Adult Also referred to "Simple" Complete Life Cycle - Correct Answer Egg - Larva - Pupa - Adult Three characteristics of mites, ticks and spiders - Correct Answer Eight jointed legs Two body regions Lack wings List four types of vertebrate animals that can be pests - Correct Answer Fish Reptiles Amphibians Birds List types of living organisms that cause plant diseases - Correct Answer Fungi Bacteria Viruses Nematodes List three main ways a plant responds to infection by a plant disease agent - Correct Answer Overdevelopment of tissue Underdevelopment of tissue Death of tissue Define weeds - Correct Answer Weeds are plants growing where thay are not wanted or in a way that is not desireable Characteristics of herbaceous grasses - Correct Answer One leaf as the emerge Leaves narrow and upright; veins parallel Fibrous root system Growing point sheathed and under soil surface Growing point gradually moves above soil as plant matures Chracteristics of herbaceous broadleaves - Correct Answer Two leaves as they emerge Leaves broad with net-like veins Exposed growing points at end of each stem Perennial broadleaved plant may have growing points on roots and stems below soil Chracteristics of woody plants - Correct Answer brush and shrubs having several stems and less that 10 feet tall Trees - single stem and greater than 10 feet tall Annuals - Correct Answer complete life cycle in less than 12 months Explain the developmental stages of plants - Correct Answer Seedkubg - small with seed leaves present Vegetative rapid growth of stems, roots, and foliage. Water and nutrient uptake rapid Seed production - little or no growth; produces fruit. Water and nutrient uptake and movement slow and directed to reproductive parts Maturity - little or no growthe. Movement of water and nutrients slow. Biennials - Correct Answer complete life cycle in 2 years Perennials - Correct Answer live more than 2 years; ma live indefinitely Winter vs. Summer Annuals - Correct Answer Winter annuals germinate in the fall, examples: cheat chickweed, henbit, little barley, annual bluegrass and wild mustard. Spring annuals germinate in the spring, examples: ragweed, crabgrass, partridge pea, pigweed and spotted spurge Examples of Biennials - Correct Answer thistle, common mullein, wild carrot, and false dandelion Simple Perennials - Correct Answer spread by seed, crown buds, and cut root segments - examples are curly dock, dandelion, plantain, spider wort and white heath aster Creeping Perennials - Correct Answer spread vegetatively with stolons or rhizomes as well as seeds - examples bermudagrass, big bluestem, milkweed, horsenettle, horsetail, Johnsongrass, poison ivy and Virginia creeper Bulbous perennials - Correct Answer reproduce vegetatively from underground bulbs or tubers - examples are wild garlic, yellow nutsedge, and Star-of-Bethlehem Pest Control Methods - Correct Answer Resistant Varieties Biological, Cultural, Physical, and Legal Control, Sanitation Three main pest control strategies - Correct Answer Prevention Suppression Eradication Dries up plant leaves and stems - Correct Answer Desiccant Removes leaves to aid in harvesting - Correct Answer Defoliant Kills mites, ticks and spiders - Correct Answer Acaricide Kills fungi - Correct Answer Fungicide Kills rodents - Correct Answer Rodenticide Kills bacteria - Correct Answer Bactericide Kills nematodes - Correct Answer Nematicide Kills weeds - Correct Answer Herbicide Kills mites - Correct Answer Miticide Kills insectis - Correct Answer Insecticide Kills fish - Correct Answer Piscicide Kills birds - Correct Answer Avicide Keeps pests away - Correct Answer Repellent Kills mollusks, such as slugs and snails - Correct Answer Molluscicide Chemicals used to destroy, prevent, or control pests - Correct Answer Pesticide Stops, speeds up, or otherwise changes normal plant processes - Correct Answer Plant growth regulator Lures pests - Correct Answer Attractant Affect pests by changing their behavior - Correct Answer Pheromones Toxic to most plants or animals - Correct Answer Nonselective Kill plants by being absorbed by leaves, stems, or roots and moving throughout plants - Correct Answer Translocated herbicides Taken into the blood of an animal or sap of a plant; kill the pest without harming th host - Correct Answer Systemics Gases which kill when they are inhaled or absorbed by the pests - Correct Answer Fumigants Prevent normal clotting - Correct Answer Anticoagulants Applied to plants, animals, structures, and products to prevent entry or damage by pest - Correct Answer Protectants More toxic to some kinds of plants or animals than to others - Correct Answer Selective Inhibit pest reproduction - Correct Answer Sterilants Kill pests when swallowed - Correct Answer Stomach poisons Kill pests simply by contacting them - Correct Answer Contacts Preplant - Correct Answer applied before crop is seeded Preemergence - Correct Answer applied before crop or weeds emerge Postemergence - Correct Answer applied after crop or weeds have emerged List considerations in choosing the best pesticide formulation for a job - Correct Answer Effectiveness against the pest Plant, animal, or surface to be protected Application machinery available Danger of drift and runoff Cost of application Hazards to applicator or to other persons, plants, and animals Wettable Powder (WP or W) - Correct Answer Dry preparation which contains 15% to 95% active ingredient and must be mixed with water to form a suspension for application Aerosol (pressurized can) - Correct Answer Small amount of pesticide or combination of pesticides that is driven through a fine opening by a gas under pressure when the nozzle is triggered Soluble powder (SP) - Correct Answer Dry preparation which contains 15% to 95% active ingredient; dissolves in water to form a solution Aerosol (generator) - Correct Answer Low-concentrate solution of pesticide; usually in an oil solution formulated especially for use in gor generators Fumigant - Correct Answer Pesticide in the form of either a poisonous gas or a liquid which becomes a gas when applied Dust (D) - Correct Answer Finely ground dry mixture combining a small amount of pesticide with an inert carrier such as talc, clay, or volcanic ash Flowable (F) - Correct Answer Ver finely ground solid material which is suspended in a liquid; usually contains high concentration or large amount of active ingredient and must be mixed with water for application Poisonous bait - Correct Answer Food or other substance mixed with a pesticide that will attract and be eaten by pests and cause their death Ultra-low volume concentrate (ULV) - Correct Answer Solution which contains almost pure active ingredient; usually used without dilution Granule (G) - Correct Answer Dry, ready-t0-use mixture of a small amount of pesticide and inert carriers. All particles are larger than dust particles Emulsifiable concentrate (EC or E) - Correct Answer Solution which contains a high concentration of active ingredient which can be mixed with water or oil; forms milky solution when added to water Granules - Correct Answer Advantages: ready to use; easy to apply; can be applied to targtet under dense foilage Disadvantages: limited foliage use; expensive Emulsifiable - Correct Answer Advantages: high concentration; relatively inexpensive; suitable for low-pressure equipment with limited agitation Disadvantages: volatility potential; may be hazardous to applicator Wettable powder - Correct Answer Advantages: relatively inexpensive; safer than emulsifiable concentrate to use on tender foilage; easy to measure Disadvantages: may be hazardous to applicator; requires mechanical agitation; difficult to mix; may clog nozzles Dip - Correct Answer Complete or partial immersion of a plant, animal, or object in a pesticide Spot treatment - Correct Answer Application to a small area Directed - Correct Answer Aiming the pesticide at a portion of a plant, animal, or structure Drench - Correct Answer Soil Incorporation - Correct Answer Application to the soil followed by use of tillage implements to mix the pesticide with the soil. Drench - Correct Answer Saturation of the soil with a pesticide or oral treatment of an animal Sidedress - Correct Answer Application along the side of a crop row Foliar - Correct Answer Application to the leaves of a plant, shrub, or tree. Pour on - Correct Answer Pouring the pesticide along the midline of the back of livestock Band - Correct Answer Application to a strip or band over or along each crop row Over-the-top - Correct Answer Application over the top of the growing plant Broadcast - Correct Answer Uniform application to an entire specified area In-furrow - Correct Answer Application to or in a furrow in which a crop is planted Labeling - Correct Answer Technical information in the form of printed material provided by the manufacturer or its agent Signal Words - Correct Answer Words which must appear on pesticide labels to show toxicity of pesticide Label - Correct Answer Form of printed material attached to or printed on a pesticide container Reentry - Correct Answer Period of time betweeen a pesticide application and when workers can safely go back into the area without wearing protective clothing or equipment State and federal governments - Correct Answer Use the label to control sale, use, safety, storage, and disposal of pesticides Manufacturers of pesticides - Correct Answer Use the label as the license to sell a pesticide Pyysicians - Correct Answer Use the label to determine the antidote to use in the proper treatment of poisoning cases Dealers/pest control experts Buyers and users - Correct Answer Use the label as a way of deciding which pesticide will be effective Buyers and users - Correct Answer Use the label to decide what safety precautions to take and how much pesticide to use Dealers and pest control experts - Correct Answer Use the label to aid in making recommendations to buyers and users Environmental Protection Agency - Correct Answer The agency in the federal goverment responsible for registering labels Danger - Correct Answer Highly toxic Warning - Correct Answer Moderately toxic Caution - Correct Answer Slightly toxic Three factors that determine a pesticide's classification as general or restricted - Correct Answer Hazard of poisoning Way pesticide used Effects on environment Four times the applicator should read the label - Correct Answer Before purchasing, before preparation (mixing) for use, before applying, before storing or disposing General use pesticide - Correct Answer Pesticide use that will not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment when used in commonly recognized practices in accordance with its labeling Environment - Correct Answer Our surroundings, including other organisms Ecology - Correct Answer Study of organisms in relation to their environment Ecosystem - Correct Answer Community of organisms considered in relationship to each other and their environment Persistent Pesticides - Correct Answer Pesticides that stay in the environment without change for long Accumulative Pesticides - Correct Answer Pesticides that build up in the bodies of animals Five ways pesticides can move from their target area - Correct Answer drift, runoff, leaching, crop or livestock residue, vaporization Four ways to minimize drift - Correct Answer Spra;y at low pressure Use largest p0ractical nozzle openings Use spray additives Spray when winds are calm Four ways to avoid major bee kills - Correct Answer Apply pesticides in the very late afternoon or night Avoid applying pesticides when weeds or crops are in bloom Use pesticides with short residual action Avoid formulations that are particularly hazardous to bees (microencapsulated and dusts) Communicate with area beekeepers before makin an application Factors conducive to groundwater contamination - Correct Answer sandy soil, shallow groundwater, wet climate or extensive irrigation Contributes to contamination of groundwater - Correct Answer improper disposal, faulty chemigation, pesticide spills near a well head, back-siphoning, excessive rates Acute Poisoning - Correct Answer Occurs after a single exposure to a pesticide Chronic Poisoning - Correct Answer Occurs as a result of repeated exposures to pesticides over a period of time Three ways perticides enter the body - Correct Answer Orally Dermally By inhalation Four factors that determine protective clothing and equipment needed - Correct Answer Toxicity of the pesticide Formulation of pesticide Application equipment Degree of exposure Three safety precautions used when mixing and handling concentrated pesticides - Correct Answer Work in well ventilated area, do not work alone, wear protective clothing Four ways to prevent exposure during application - Correct Answer Wear protective clothing, check application equipment for leaks, never eat, drink, or smoke during application, proceed in a direction into the wind to prevent working in drift Personal safety rules to follow in cleaning up after application - Correct Answer Clean, dry, and store protective, take a shower at the end of each day, change work clothing daily, wash work clothes separate from family wash Factors to consider when using coveralls as protective clothing - Correct Answer Choose coveralls made of a closely woven fabric, coveralls should cover entire body from wrist to ankles, wear pants legs outside of boots, do not allow coverall to become soaked with spray Factors to consider when using gloves a protective clothing - Correct Answer Check the pesticide label for the best glove material, check gloves for holes, wear sleeves outside gloves, wash gloves before taking them off Factors to consider when using boots as protective clothing - Correct Answer Wear lightweight, unlined neoprene or natural rubber boots, wash boots often, allow to throughly dry, keep an extra pair of boots on hand, wear pants legs outside boots Factors to consider when using goggles and face shield as protective equipment - Correct Answer Make sure goggles or face shield fits tightly, clean them after each use, change headbands often if cloth or leather, always wear when pouring or mixing concentrates Two factors to consider when choosing head and neck covering for protection - Correct Answer Use widbrimmed waterproof head covering, do not use cloth or leather headbands Cannister - Correct Answer Metal or plastic container filled with absorbent materials to filter fumes and vapors from the air Cartridge - Correct Answer Cylinder-shaped part of the respirator which absorbs fumes and vapors from the air Respirator - Correct Answer Face mask chich filters out poisonous gases and particles Drift - Correct Answer Movement of droplets or particles of a pesticide by wind Reentry interval - Correct Answer Period of time between a pesticide application and when person can safely go back into an area without wearing protective clothing and equipment Neoprene - Correct Answer Synthetic rubber Exposure - Correct Answer Not protected or shielded; contact with pesticides through mouth, lungs, or skin Face Shield - Correct Answer Piece of protective equipment used by pesticide applicator to protect face from exposure Fumes - Correct Answer Unpleasant or irritating smoke, vapor, or gas General symptoms of herbicide poisoning - Correct Answer Irritation of the mouth and throuat, vomiting, chest and abdominal pain, diarrhea, skin and eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, nosebleed Antidote - Correct Answer Treatment given by a doctor to reduce the effects of pesticide poisoning Oral - Correct Answer Through the mouth Absorb - Correct Answer To take a pesticide or other material into a plant, animal, or the soil Toxicity - Correct Answer How poisonous a pesticide is to a living organism Acute poisoning - Correct Answer Poisoning which occurs after a single exposure to a pesticide LC50 LC-lethal concentration - Correct Answer Concentration of a pesticide in the air which would kill half of the test animals exposed to it Inhalation toxicity - Correct Answer How poisonous a pesticide is to man or animals when breathed in through the lungs Dermal Toxicity - Correct Answer How poisonous a pesticide is to man or animals when in contact with the skin LD50 LD - lethal dose - Correct Answer Dose or amount of pesticide which would kill half a large number of test animals if eathen or absorbed through the skin Chronic poisoning - Correct Answer Poisoning which occurs as a result of repeated exposures to pesticides over a period of time Inhalation - Correct Answer To take air into the lungs; to breath in First Aid - Correct Answer First Effort to help a victim while medical help is on the way Signs and symptoms - Correct Answer Warning that something is wrong Basic First Aid for pesticide on skin - Correct Answer Wash off pesticide, remove contaminated clothing, clean skin, keep victim warm Basic First Aid for chemical burn - Correct Answer Wash with large amounts of water, remove contaminated clothing, cover area loosely with clean soft cover, do not apply ointment, grease, powder or other agents Basic First Aid for pesticide in eye - Correct Answer Wash as quickly and gently as possible with plain water Basic First Aid for inhaled pesticide - Correct Answer Carry victim to fresh air; ventilate area if in enclosed space; protect yourself Accepted first aid measure to induce vomiting - Correct Answer Put finger down throat FIFRA - Correct Answer Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA Provisions - Correct Answer Extends Federal regulations to cover all pesticides used in the US instead of only those shipped across state lines, requires registration of pesticides with EPA, makes misuse unlawful, gives EPA authority to classify pesticides as "general" or "restricted", requires certification of applicators using "restricted use" pesticides, sets minimum standards for determining competency of applicatiors, provides stronger enforcement provisions and establishes penalties for violation of FIFRA When must you notify the DOT of a pesticide spill - Correct Answer When you haul pesticides between states and someone is killed, someone is hospitalized, or damages exceed $50,000 Maximum penalty for violating FIFRA - Correct Answer $25,000 fine or up to one year in prison or both Residue - Correct Answer pesticide that remains in or on raw farm products or processed foods Tolerance - Correct Answer the maximum concentration of pesticide allowed in food items, parts per million (ppm) Alabama Law - Correct Answer requires licensing of dealers that sell "restricted use" pesticide Customer Applicator Law - Correct Answer regulates the custom application of pesticides by aircraft and ground equipment Professional Service Law - Correct Answer requires licensing people involved in pest control work in and around structures, lawns, sods and ornamental plants Commistioner of Agriculture - Correct Answer has the authority to limit licensing of applicators or to prohibit the licensee from applying certain pesticides Federal agency responsible for registering pesticides - Correct Answer Environmental Protection Agency What is 24(c) registration - Correct Answer refers to section 24(c) of FIFRA which allows states to register federally registered pesticides for specific uses that are not listed on the federal label. Thers registrations are also known as Special Local Need (SLN) registrations Who issues 24(c) registrations in Alabama? - Correct Answer The Alabama Department of Agricuture and Industries What is Section 18 registration? - Correct Answer refers to section 18 of FIFRA which allows the immediate registration of pesticides to deal with emergency pest situations