NUR198 EXAM 4
Blood Urea Nitrogen Amino acid byprodcut excreted through kidney
Elevated BUN kidney injury
Dehydration
Bleeding
Hypotension
Decreased BUN Liver Disease
Creatinane More accurate marker of kidney disease, secreted by natural breakdown of muscles
Specific Gravity Degree of urine concentration
Pyuria WBCs in urine
GFR Rate at which blood is filtered each minute
Creatinine Clearance Most accurate approximation of GFR. Can be calculated with 24 hour urine
creatinine
WBC in urine indicates infection or inflammation
RBC in urine infection, cancer, trauma
,Leukocyte esterase in urne infection
Nitrates in urine infection
Casts in urine indicate always originate from kidney disease
ketones in UA dehydration, starvation, diabetes
glucose in UA diabetes mellitus
Large amounts of Protein in UA Nephrotic Syndrome
Small amounts of protein in UA small infection
Types of Urinary Incontinence Stress
Urge
Overflow
Neurogenic
Stress Incontinence due to increased abdominal pressure under stress (weak pelvic floor muscles)
Urge Intontinence Due to involuntary contraction of bladder muscles
Overflow Incontinence Due to blockage of urethra
, Neurogenic Incontinence due to impaired functioning of the nervous system
Neurogenic Incontinence: Spastic (reflex) bladder more common
Caused by Spinal Cord lesions (upper motor)
Bladder empties on reflex without control
Flaccid (Atonic) Bladder Caused by spinal cord lesions (lower motor)
commonly seen with DM
Bladder does not contract
Neurogenic Bladder: Pharmacologic Tx Bethanechol (atonic)
Neurogenic Bladder: Non-pharm Tx Intermittent Cath
Self Cath
Stress Incontinence Tx Usually Surgical (bladder neck Suspension), pelvic floor exercises
Urge Incontinence Tx oxybutynin, Tolterodine
Overflow Incontinence Tx usually occurs in men with BPH, treat BPH
Cath
Bladder Cancer risk factors male > 65 yo
Cigarette use
Blood Urea Nitrogen Amino acid byprodcut excreted through kidney
Elevated BUN kidney injury
Dehydration
Bleeding
Hypotension
Decreased BUN Liver Disease
Creatinane More accurate marker of kidney disease, secreted by natural breakdown of muscles
Specific Gravity Degree of urine concentration
Pyuria WBCs in urine
GFR Rate at which blood is filtered each minute
Creatinine Clearance Most accurate approximation of GFR. Can be calculated with 24 hour urine
creatinine
WBC in urine indicates infection or inflammation
RBC in urine infection, cancer, trauma
,Leukocyte esterase in urne infection
Nitrates in urine infection
Casts in urine indicate always originate from kidney disease
ketones in UA dehydration, starvation, diabetes
glucose in UA diabetes mellitus
Large amounts of Protein in UA Nephrotic Syndrome
Small amounts of protein in UA small infection
Types of Urinary Incontinence Stress
Urge
Overflow
Neurogenic
Stress Incontinence due to increased abdominal pressure under stress (weak pelvic floor muscles)
Urge Intontinence Due to involuntary contraction of bladder muscles
Overflow Incontinence Due to blockage of urethra
, Neurogenic Incontinence due to impaired functioning of the nervous system
Neurogenic Incontinence: Spastic (reflex) bladder more common
Caused by Spinal Cord lesions (upper motor)
Bladder empties on reflex without control
Flaccid (Atonic) Bladder Caused by spinal cord lesions (lower motor)
commonly seen with DM
Bladder does not contract
Neurogenic Bladder: Pharmacologic Tx Bethanechol (atonic)
Neurogenic Bladder: Non-pharm Tx Intermittent Cath
Self Cath
Stress Incontinence Tx Usually Surgical (bladder neck Suspension), pelvic floor exercises
Urge Incontinence Tx oxybutynin, Tolterodine
Overflow Incontinence Tx usually occurs in men with BPH, treat BPH
Cath
Bladder Cancer risk factors male > 65 yo
Cigarette use
