HCA 120 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
When do you first feel the urge to void? - Answer- 300ml in the bladder
What terms are used by professionals to describe bowel elimination? - Answer-
Defecation, evacuation of the bowels
What term is used by professionals to describe the product of defecation? - Answer-
Bowel movement, stool, feces, or fecal matter
What are the characteristics of BM's? - Answer- Soft consistency
Brown and cylindrical like the rectum
Why do stools smell? - Answer- Bacterial action in the intestines
What can affect stool color and how? - Answer- Bleeding- high in intestine- Black tarry
stool
-lower in intestine- reddish stool- also caused by beets
Certain meds and disease states
Some foods
Observe for TACCO for BM's - Answer- Time
Amount
Color
Consistency
Odour
impact of urinary incontinence - Answer- Skin irritation, breakdown and infection
Impacts self esteem, dignity
May limit social and personal relationships
Wet linens and clothes, urine odour
Hygiene
Random urine specimen - Answer- a urine specimen collected at any time, without
regard to diet or time of day. Not sterile
Midstream urine specimen - Answer- urine collected after voiding is initiated
(midstream) and before voiding is completed. This is sterile
, 24 hour urine specimen - Answer- a urine specimen consisting of all urine voided in a
24-hour period
occult blood - Answer- hidden blood
culture and sensitivity (C&S) - Answer- laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria
removed from infected area in order to identify the specific type of bacteria and then
determine its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics
Do you do perineal hygiene prior to collecting a specimen? - Answer- Yes
When is the appropriate time to collect a sputum sample? - Answer- First thing in the
morning
What is sputum? - Answer- mucus coughed up
What 5 observations would you report regarding urine? - Answer- Particles, amount,
color, clarity and odour
Why is it important to use a tool such as the Bristol stool chart when assessing BM's? -
Answer- For consistency of observation and info
Normal bladder holds how much urine (adult) - Answer- 500-600 ml
What is the purpose of the catheter? - Answer- To drain the bladder of urine
What are parts of a catheter drainage system? - Answer- Catheter
Tube and bag connected to catheter for straight drainage by gravity
Devices for securing
What supplies will you have to have with you to change a catheter bag? - Answer-
Alcohol wipes
Catheter clamp if available
Waterproof pad
New (or clean) night drainage bag or leg bag
Clean catheter cap
Graduated cylinder or measuring container
Urostomy - Answer- Artificial opening (stoma) created for urinary diversion when urine
drainage through the bladder and urethra is not possible
How to avoid UTI - Answer- Fluid intake or at least 1500ml daily
Correct perineal hygiene
Never lift catheter above bladder
Clean and disinfect catheter bags
Change underwear daily
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
When do you first feel the urge to void? - Answer- 300ml in the bladder
What terms are used by professionals to describe bowel elimination? - Answer-
Defecation, evacuation of the bowels
What term is used by professionals to describe the product of defecation? - Answer-
Bowel movement, stool, feces, or fecal matter
What are the characteristics of BM's? - Answer- Soft consistency
Brown and cylindrical like the rectum
Why do stools smell? - Answer- Bacterial action in the intestines
What can affect stool color and how? - Answer- Bleeding- high in intestine- Black tarry
stool
-lower in intestine- reddish stool- also caused by beets
Certain meds and disease states
Some foods
Observe for TACCO for BM's - Answer- Time
Amount
Color
Consistency
Odour
impact of urinary incontinence - Answer- Skin irritation, breakdown and infection
Impacts self esteem, dignity
May limit social and personal relationships
Wet linens and clothes, urine odour
Hygiene
Random urine specimen - Answer- a urine specimen collected at any time, without
regard to diet or time of day. Not sterile
Midstream urine specimen - Answer- urine collected after voiding is initiated
(midstream) and before voiding is completed. This is sterile
, 24 hour urine specimen - Answer- a urine specimen consisting of all urine voided in a
24-hour period
occult blood - Answer- hidden blood
culture and sensitivity (C&S) - Answer- laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria
removed from infected area in order to identify the specific type of bacteria and then
determine its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics
Do you do perineal hygiene prior to collecting a specimen? - Answer- Yes
When is the appropriate time to collect a sputum sample? - Answer- First thing in the
morning
What is sputum? - Answer- mucus coughed up
What 5 observations would you report regarding urine? - Answer- Particles, amount,
color, clarity and odour
Why is it important to use a tool such as the Bristol stool chart when assessing BM's? -
Answer- For consistency of observation and info
Normal bladder holds how much urine (adult) - Answer- 500-600 ml
What is the purpose of the catheter? - Answer- To drain the bladder of urine
What are parts of a catheter drainage system? - Answer- Catheter
Tube and bag connected to catheter for straight drainage by gravity
Devices for securing
What supplies will you have to have with you to change a catheter bag? - Answer-
Alcohol wipes
Catheter clamp if available
Waterproof pad
New (or clean) night drainage bag or leg bag
Clean catheter cap
Graduated cylinder or measuring container
Urostomy - Answer- Artificial opening (stoma) created for urinary diversion when urine
drainage through the bladder and urethra is not possible
How to avoid UTI - Answer- Fluid intake or at least 1500ml daily
Correct perineal hygiene
Never lift catheter above bladder
Clean and disinfect catheter bags
Change underwear daily
